Edward Sapir (1884–1939). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. 1921. Subject Index S
Sahaptin languages (N. Amer.), 220 Salinan (S. W. California), 150 , 155 Sanskrit (India), 54 , 75 , 82 , 151 , 154 , 175 , 200 , 207 , 209 , 210 Sarcee Indians, 228 Saxon, Low, 224 ; Old, 175 ; Upper, 225 Scandinavian, 224 . See Danish; Icelandic; Swedish. Scandinavians, 224 Scotch, 224 , 226 Scotch, Lowland, 188 Semitic languages, 61 , 68 , 76 , 134 , 151 , 219 , 228 Sentence, 33 , 36 –38 ; binding words into, methods of, 115 –117 ; stress in, influence of, 118 , 119 ; word-order in, 117 , 118 Sequence. See Order of words. Shakespeare, art of, 238 , 240 ; English of, 188 , 189 , 191 Shasta (N. California), 220 Shilh (Morocco), 77 , 81 Shilluk (Nile headwaters), 84 , 150 , 154 , 155 Siamese, 55 , 66 , 70 , 207 Singing, 50 Siouan languages (N. Amer.), 76 Sioux (Dakota), 29 , 76 , 95 , 150 Slavic languages, 212 Slavs, 225 Somali (E. Africa), 77 , 80 , 81 Soudanese languages, 84 , 154 , 155 , 163 Sound-imitative words, 4 , 5 , 6 , 80 Sounds of speech, 24 ; adjustments involved in, muscular, 46 ; adjustments involved in certain, inhibition of, 46 , 47 ; basic importance of, 43 ; classification of, 54 , 55 ; combinations of, 56 ; conditioned appearance of, 56 , 57 ; dynamics of, 55 , 56 ; illusory feelings in regard to, 43 –45 ; “inner” or “ideal” system of, 57 , 58 ; place in phonetic pattern of, 194 –196 ; production of, 47 –54 ; values of, psychological, 56 –58 ; variability of, 45 , 46 Spanish, 137 Speech. See Language. Spirants, 52 Splitting of sounds, 193 , 195 Stem, 26 Stock, linguistic, 163 –165 , 218 , 221 Stopped consonants (or stops), 52 Stress. See Accent. Structure, linguistic, 127 –156 ; conservatism of, 200 ; differences of, 127 , 128 ; intuitional forms of, 153 , 154 Structure, linguistic, types of: classification of, by character of concepts, 143 –147 , by degree of fusion, 136 –143 , by degree of synthesis, 135 , 136 , by formal processes, 133 –135 , from threefold standpoint, 147 –149 , 154 , into “formal” and “formless,” 132 , 133 ; classifying, difficulties in, 129 –132 , 149 ; examples of, 149 –151 ; mixed, 148 ; reality of, 128 , 129 , 149 , 152 , 153 ; validity of conceptual, historical test of, 152 –156 Style, 38 , 216 , 242 –244 Subject, 92 , 98 . See Personal relations. Subject of discourse, 37 , 126 Suffixes, 26 , 64 Suffixing, 61 , 70 , 71 –75 Suffixing languages, 134 , 135 Survivals, morphological, 149 , 152 , 202 , 218 , 219 Swedish, 55 , 110 , 175 Swinburne, 238 , 240 Swiss, French, 225 Syllabifying, 56 Symbolic languages, 133 , 134 , 147 , 150 , 151 Symbolic processes, 134 , 138 , 139 , 140 Symbolic-fusional, 151 Symbolic-isolating, 148 Symons, 245 Syntactic adhesions, 117 , 118 Syntactic relations, primary methods of expressing, 119 , 120 ; transfer of values in, 120 . See Concepts, relational; Concord; Order, word; Personal relations; Sentence. Synthetic tendency, 69 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 148 , 150 , 151 , 154
