Torches, offered by women to Diana, 3; used to mimic lightning, 77; used in expulsion of demons, 548, 550, 554, 555, 557, 560, 562; in expulsion of witches, 560, 561; processions with lighted, 610, 611, 647; carried round folds, 631; applied to fruit trees to fertilise them, 647
Torres Straits Islands, 604; magic in the, 18; personal names tabooed in, 250; seclusion of girls at puberty in, 598
Tortoises in magic, 36; reasons for not eating, 495
Totem, skin disease supposed to be caused by eating, 473; supposed effect of killing, 689; receptacle for a man’s external soul, 690; transference of soul to, 692, 700
Transylvania, rain-making in, 71; festival of Green George in, 126; continence at sowing in, 138; saying as to sleeping child in, 182; harvest customs in, 451, 452, 456; customs at sowing in, 530; story of the external soul in, 672
Tree, that has been struck by lightning, 80, 708; decked with sham bracelets, etc., 342; burnt in the Midsummer bonfire, 626, 628; external soul in a, 670, 680. See also Trees
—— -spirit, represented simultaneously in vegetable and human form, 125; representative of, thrown into water to ensure rain, 126; killing of the, 296–323; resurrection of the, 300; in relation to the vegetation-spirit, 315–316; Attis as a, 352; Osiris as a, 380; effigies of, burnt in bonfires, 651; human representatives of, put to death, 652, 665
—— -spirits, 109–117; beneficent powers of, 117–120, 651; in human form or embodied in living people, 125
—— -worship, 109; among the ancient Germans, 110; among European families of the Aryan stock, 110; among the Lithuanians, 110; in ancient Greece and Italy, 111; among the Finnish-Ugrian stock in Europe, 111; notions at the root of, 111; in modern Europe, relics of, 120–135
Trees, worship of, 109; oracular, 110; regarded as animate, 111; sacrifices offered to, 112, 113, 115, 116, 118; sensitive, 112; apologies offered to, for cutting them down, 113; bleeding, 113; threatened to make them bear fruit, 113; married to each other, 114; in blossom treated like pregnant women, 115; animated by the souls of the dead, 115; planted on graves, 115; demons in, 116; ceremonies at cutting down, 116; grant women an easy delivery, 120; sacred, 120; represented on the monuments of Osiris, 380; in relation to Dionysus, 387; evils transferred to, 545; burnt in bonfires, 612, 616, 626, 630, 651; lives of people bound up with, 681, 682; passing through cleft trees as a cure for various maladies, 682–683; fire thought by savages to be stored like sap in, 706
Tribute of youths and maidens sent to the Minotaur, 280
Twelfth Day, ceremony of the King at Carcassone on, 537; the Eve of, 561, 609, 647
—— Night, expulsion of the powers of evil on, 561; the King of the Bean on, 586; the Yule log on, 637
Twelve Days from Christmas to Twelfth Night, precautions against witches during the, 561; Nights, remains of Yule log scattered over the fields during the, 637
Twins, 29, 227; taboos laid on parents of, 66; supposed to possess magical powers. 66–67; associated with salmon, and the grizzly bear, 66; called children of the sky, 67; water poured on graves of, 67; parents of, thought to be able to fertilise plantain trees, 137
