| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
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Appendix I
Indo-European Roots |
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| ENTRY: | es- |
| DEFINITION: | To be. Oldest form * 1es-, zero-grade *1s-.
Derivatives include yes, soothe, sin1, essence, absent, and proud.
1. Athematic first person singular form *es-mi. am1, from Old English eam, eom, am, from Germanic *izm(i). 2. Athematic third person singular form *es-ti. is, from Old English is, is, from Germanic *ist(i). 3. Optative stem *s -. yes, from Old English g se, yes, from se, may it be (so) (ga, yea; see i-), from Germanic *sijai-. 4. Suffixed zero-grade (participial) form *1s-ont-, becoming *sont-, being, existing, hence real, true. a. sooth, soothe, from Old English s th, true, from Germanic *santhaz; b. suffixed (collective) zero-grade form *s t-y -, “that which is.” sin1, from Old English synn, sin, from Germanic *sun(d)j, sin (< “it is true,” “the sin is real”); c. suttee; bodhisattva, Satyagraha, from Sanskrit sat-, sant-, existing, true, virtuous. 5. Basic form *es-. entity, essence; abessive, absent, adessive, essive, improve, inessive, interest, ossia, present1, present2, proud, quintessence, represent, stover, from Latin esse, to be. 6. Basic form *es-. –ont, onto-; –biont, Homoiousian, Parousia, schizont, from Greek einai (present participle ont-, being), to be (in pareinai, to be present). 7. Suffixed form *es-ti-. swastika, from Sanskrit svasti, well-being (su-, good; see (e)su-). (Pokorny es- 340.) See also extension (e)su-. |
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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
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