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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
Appendix I Indo-European Roots |
| ENTRY: | kel-1 |
| DEFINITION: | To cover, conceal, save. Oldest form * el-, becoming *kel- in centum languages. Derivatives include hell, hole, holster, apocalypse, and eucalyptus. I. O-grade form *kol-. 1a. hell, from Old English hell; b. Hel, from Old Norse Hel, the underworld, goddess of death. Both a and b from Germanic *halj  , the underworld (< “concealed place”). 2a. hall, from Old English heall, hall; b. Valhalla, from Old Norse höll, hall. Both a and b from Germanic *hall, covered place, hall. 3. Suffixed form *kol-eyo-. coleus; coleopteran, coleoptile, coleorhiza, from Greek koleon, koleos, sheath.II. Zero-grade form *k  -. 1a. hold2, hull, from Old English hulu, husk, pod (< “that which covers”); b. hole, from Old English hol, a hollow; c. hollow, from Old English holh, hole, hollow; d. haugh, from Old English healh, secret place, small hollow. a–d all from Germanic *hul-. 2a. holster, from Old High German hulft, covering; b. housing2, from Medieval Latin hultia, protective covering. Both a and b from suffixed Germanic form *hulft -. 3. Extended form *k - becoming *kl -. clandestine, from Latin clam, in secret. 4. Suffixed variant form *kal-up-yo-. Calypso1, calyptra; Apocalypse, eucalyptus, from Greek kaluptein, to cover, conceal.III. Full-grade form *kel-. 1a. helm2, from Old English helm, protection, covering; b. helmet, from Middle English helmet, helmet, from a source akin to Frankish *helm, helmet. Both a and b from Germanic *helmaz, “protective covering.” 2. occult, from Latin occulere < *ob-kel- (past participle occultus), to cover over (ob-, over; see epi). 3. Suffixed form *kel-os-. color, from Latin color, color, hue (< “that which covers”). 4. Suffixed form *kel-n -. cell, cella, cellar, cellarer; rathskeller, from Latin cella, storeroom, chamber. 5. Suffixed form *kel-yo-. cilium, seel; supercilious, supercilium, from Latin cilium, lower eyelid.IV. Lengthened-grade form *k  l-. conceal, from Latin clre, to hide, from suffixed form *kl--. (Pokorny 4. el- 553.) |
| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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