| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
Appendix I Indo-European Roots |
| ENTRY: | weid- |
| DEFINITION: | To see. Derivatives include guide, wisdom, kaleidoscope, Hades, unwitting, envy, idea, history, and penguin. I. Full-grade form *weid-. 1a. twit, from Old English w  tan, to reproach; b. guide, guidon, from Old Provençal guidar, to guide; c. guy1, from Old French guier, to guide; d. wite, from Old English wte, fine, penalty, from Germanic derivative noun *wti-. a–d all from Germanic *wtan, to look after, guard, ascribe to, reproach. 2. Suffixed form *weid-to-. a. wise1, from Old English ws, wise; b. wisdom, from Old English wsd m, learning, wisdom (-dm, abstract suffix; see dh -); c. wiseacre, from Old High German wzag, knowledgeable; d. (i) wise2, from Old English wse, ws, manner; (ii) guise, from Old French guise, manner. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *wssn-, appearance, form, manner. a–d all from Germanic *wssaz. 3. Suffixed form *weid-es-. eidetic, eidolon, idol, idyll, –oid; idocrase, kaleidoscope, from Greek eidos, form, shape.II. Zero-grade form *wid-. 1a. wit1, from Old English wit, witt, knowledge, intelligence; b. witenagemot, from Old English wita, wise man, councilor. Both a and b from Germanic *wit-. 2. wit2, wot; unwitting, from Old English witan, to know, from Germanic *witan (Old English first and third person singular w  t, from Germanic *wait, from Indo-European o-grade form *woid-). 3. Suffixed form *wid-to-. iwis, from Old English gewis, gewiss, certain, sure, from Germanic *(ga)wissa-, known (*ga-, past participial prefix; see kom-). 4. Form *wid-- (with the participial form *weid-to-). vide, view, visa, visage, vision, visit, visor, vista, voyeur; advice, advise, belvedere, black-a-vised, clairvoyant, envy, evident, improvise, interview, invidious, previse, provide, prudent, purvey, purview, review, revise, supervise, survey, from Latin vidre, to see, look. 5. Suffixed form *wid-es-y-. idea, ideo-, from Greek ide, appearance, form, idea. 6. Suffixed form *wid-tor-. history, story1; polyhistor, from Greek histr, wise, learned, learned man. 7. hadal, Hades, from Greek Haids (also Aids), the underworld, perhaps “the invisible” and from *wid-. 8. Suffixed nasalized zero-grade form *wi-n-d-o-. a. colcannon, from Old Irish find, white (< “clearly visible”); b. penguin, from Welsh gwyn, gwynn, white. 9. Celtic *wid-, seer, in compound *dru-wid- (see deru-). III. Suffixed o-grade form *woid-o-. Veda; Rig-Veda, from Sanskrit veda  , knowledge. (Pokorny 2.  (e)di- (misprint for (e)id-) 1125.) |
| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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