| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
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| Rulers of England and Great Britain (table) |
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| | | Saxons and Danes | | Egbert, 802–39 | | Æthelwulf, son of Egbert, 839–58 | | Æthelbald, son of Æthelwulf, 858–60 | | Æthelbert, 2d son of Æthelwulf, 860–65 | | Æthelred, 3d son of Æthelwulf, 865–71 | | Alfred, 4th son of Æthelwulf, 871–99 | | Edward (the Elder), son of Alfred, 899–924 | | Athelstan, son of Edward, 924–39 | | Edmund, 3d son of Edward, 939–46 | | Edred, 4th son of Edward, 946–55 | | Edwy, son of Edmund, 955–59 | | Edgar, younger son of Edmund, 959–75 | | Edward (the Martyr), son of Edgar, 975–78 | | Æthelred (the Unready), younger son of Edgar, 978–1016 | | Edmund (Ironside), son of Æthelred, 1016 | | Canute, by conquest, 1016–35 | | Harold I (Harefoot), illegitimate son of Canute, 1037–40 | | Harthacanute, son of Canute, 1040–42 | | Edward (the Confessor), younger son of Æthelred, 1042–66 | | Harold II, brother-in-law of Edward the Confessor, 1066 | | | | House of Normandy | | William I (the Conqueror), by conquest, 1066–87 | | William II (Rufus), 3d son of William I, 1087–1100 | | Henry I, youngest son of William I, 1100–1135 | | | | House of Blois | | Stephen, grandson of William I, 1135–54 | | | | House of Plantagenet | | Henry II, grandson of Henry I, 1154–89 | | Richard I (Cœur de Lion), 3d son of Henry II, 1189–99 | | John, youngest son of Henry II, 1199–1216 | | Henry III, son of John, 1216–72 | | Edward I, son of Henry III, 1272–1307 | | Edward II, son of Edward I, 1307–27 | | Edward III, son of Edward II, 1327–77 | | Richard II, grandson of Edward III, 1377–99 | | | | House of Lancaster | | Henry IV, grandson of Edward III, 1399–1413 | | Henry V, son of Henry IV, 1413–22 | | Henry VI, son of Henry V, 1422–61, 1470–71 | | | | House of York | | Edward IV, great grandson of Edward III, 1461–70, 1471–83 | | Edward V, son of Edward IV, 1483 | | Richard III, brother of Edward IV, 1483–85 | | | | House of Tudor | | Henry VII, descendant of Edward III, 1485–1509 | | Henry VIII, son of Henry VII, 1509–47 | | Edward VI, son of Henry VIII, 1547–53 | | Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII, 1553–58 | | Elizabeth I, younger daughter of Henry VIII, 1558–1603 | | | | House of Stuart | | James I (James VI of Scotland), descendant of Henry VII, 1603–25 | | Charles I, son of James I, 1625–49 | | | | Commonwealth and Protectorate | | Council of State, 1649–53 | | Oliver Cromwell, lord protector, 1653–58 | | Richard Cromwell, lord protector, 1658–59 | | | House of Stuart
(restored) | | Charles II, son of Charles I, 1660–85 | | James II, younger son of Charles I, 1685–88 | | William III, grandson of Charles I; ruled jointly with Mary II, 1689–94; ruled alone, 1694–1702 | | Mary II, daughter of James II; ruled jointly with William III, 1689–94 | | Anne, younger daughter of James II, 1702–14 | | | | House of Hanover | | George I, great-grandson of James I, 1714–27 | | George II, son of George I, 1727–60 | | George III, grandson of George II, 1760–1820 | | George IV, son of George III, 1820–30 | | William IV, 3d son of George III, 1830–37 | | Victoria, granddaughter of George III, 1837–1901 | | | | House of Saxe Coburg | | Edward VII, son of Victoria, 1901–10 | | | House of Windsor
(family name changed during World War I) | | George V, son of Edward VII, 1910–36 | | Edward VIII, son of George V, 1936 | | George VI, 2d son of George V, 1936–52 | | Elizabeth II, daughter of George VI, 1952– |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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