| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
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| Gérard, Étienne Maurice |
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( ty n´ môr s´ zhrär´) (KEY) , 1773–1852, French army officer. He fought with distinction in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and in the Waterloo campaign he served with gallantry at Ligny. Returning from exile in 1817, he became a deputy of the opposition and supported the July Revolution of 1830, which brought Louis Philippe to the French throne. He was twice minister of war under Louis Philippe, who created him marshal. Gérard led the French expedition to Belgium, taking Antwerp in 1832. |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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