| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
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| Innocent XII |
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| 1615–1700, pope (1691–1700), a Neapolitan named Antonio Pignatelli; successor of Alexander VIII. He was frequently employed by his predecessors as a nuncio, and Innocent XI created him cardinal. His election ended a five-month deadlock in the conclave. He showed himself a stern reformer, especially concerning nepotism, which he abolished. He brought Louis XIV over to his point of view on Gallicanism, and he condemned certain of Fénelon’s doctrines as quietistic. He was universally loved for his charity and piety. Clement XI succeeded him. |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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