| E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. |
| | | Pha’raoh (2 syl.). | | |
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The king. It is the Coptic article P and the word ouro (king). There are eleven of this title mentioned in Holy Scripture:— | 1 |
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i. Before Solomon’s time. | 2 |
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(1) The Pharaoh contemporary with Abraham (Gen. xii. 25). | 3 |
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(2) The good Pharaoh who advanced Joseph (Gen. xli.). | 4 |
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(3) The Pharaoh who “knew not Joseph” (Exod. i. 8). | 5 |
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(4) The Pharaoh who was drowned in the Red Sea (Exod. xiv. 28); said to be Menephthes or Meneptah, son of Ram’eses II. | 6 |
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(5) The Pharaoh that protected Hadad (1 Kings xi. 19). | 7 |
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(6) The Pharaoh whose daughter Solomon married (1 Kings iii. 1; ix. 16). | 8 |
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ii. After Solomon’s time. | 9 |
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(7) Pharaoh Shishak, who warred against Rehobo’am (1. Kings xiv. 25 26). | 10 |
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(8) Pharaoh Shabakok, or “So,” with whom Hoshea made an alliance (2 Kings xvii. 4). | 11 |
(9) The Pharaoh that made a league with Hezeki’ah against Sennacherib, called Tirh kah (2 Kings xviii. 21; xix. 9). | 12 |
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(10) Pharaoh Necho, who warred against Josi’ah (2 Kings xxiii. 29, etc.). | 13 |
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(11) Pharaoh Hophra, the ally of Zedeki’ah (Jer. xliv. 30); said to be Apries, who was strangled B.C. 570. (See KING.) | 14 |
 After Solomon’s time the titular word Pharaoh is joined to a proper name. | 15 |
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iii. Other Pharaohs of historic note. | 16 |
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(1) Cheops or Suphis I. (Dynasty IV.), who built the great pyramid. | 17 |
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(2) Cephrenes or Suphis II., his brother, who built the second pyramid. | 18 |
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(3) Mencheres, his successor, who built the most beautiful pyramid of the three. | 19 |
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(4) Memnon or A-menophis III. (Dynasty XVIII.), whose musical statue is so celebrated. | 20 |
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(5) Sethos I., the Great (Dynasty XIX.), whose tomb was discovered by Belzoni. | 21 |
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(6) Sethos II., called Proteus (Dynasty XIX.), who detained Helen and Paris in Egypt. | 22 |
(7) Phu ris or Thuris, who sent aid to Priam in the siege of Troy. | 23 |
(8) Rampsin tus or Rameses N ter, the miser (Dynasty XX.), mentioned by Herod tos. | 24 |
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(9) Osorthon IV. or Osorkon (Dynasty XXIII.), the Egyptian Hercules. | 25 |
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