12) Saarland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Saar or the Saar Territory. Saarbrucken is the capital; other cities include Volklingen, Saarlouis, and Sankt Ingbert. Saarland is bounded by France (S and W), by...

13) Speyer. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...The city, sometimes called Spires in English, is a river port and industrial center; manufactures include shoes, electrotechnical products, beer, metal and wood products,...

14) Westphalia, Peace of. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Peace of, 1648, general settlement ending the Thirty Years War. It marked the end of the Holy Roman Empire as an effective institution and inaugurated the modern...

15) Franconia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...The region was included in the Frankish kingdom of Austrasia, becoming in the 9th cent. a duchy and the center of the East Frankish (or East German) kingdom. It stretched...

16) Rhine Province. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...The province was also known as Rhenish Prussia and as the Rhineland. The northern section of the former province (which contained part of the industrial Ruhr district)...

17) Bonn. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...West Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia, W Germany, on the Rhine River. It functioned as the provisional seat of government of reunited Germany until 1999, when most...

18) Mainz. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Rhine River opposite the mouth of the Main River. Its French name, also sometimes used in English, is Mayence. The city is an industrial, commercial, and transportation...

19) Germany. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Federal Republic of Germany, republic (1995 est. pop. 81,338,000), 137,699 sq mi (356,733 sq km). Located in the center of Europe, it borders the Netherlands, Belgium,...