11) Temple, Frederick. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Anglican prelate, archbishop of Canterbury, b. Santa Maura, one of the Ionian Islands. A fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, he was ordained a priest in 1847. He was...
12) Lamennais, Felicite Robert de. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition.
2001
...French Roman Catholic apologist and liberal, b. Saint-Malo. He was largely self-educated by wide, indiscriminate reading. He was converted (1804) to active Catholicism...
13) modernism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Christianity with the findings of modern science and philosophy. Modernism arose mainly from the application of modern critical methods to the study of the Bible...
14) Pius IX. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Pius IX, 1792-1878, pope (1846-78), an Italian named Giovanni M. Mastai-Ferretti, b. Senigallia; successor of Gregory XVI. He was cardinal and bishop of Imola when...
15) Pius XI. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Pius XI, 1857-1939, pope (1922-39), an Italian named Achille Ratti, b. Desio, near Milan; successor of Benedict XV. 1 Prepapal CareerRatti's father was a silk manufacturer....
16) Hecker, Isaac Thomas. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Isaac Thomas, 1819-88, American Roman Catholic priest, founder of the Paulist Fathers; son of Prussian immigrants. Feeling the general discontent of his day in the...
17) John Paul II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...John Paul II, 1920-, pope (1978-), a Pole named Karol Jozef Wojtyia, b. Wadowice; successor of John Paul I. He was the first non-Italian pope elected since the Dutch...
18) Paul VI. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Paul VI, 1897-1978, pope (1963-78), an Italian (b. Concesio, near Brescia) named Giovanni Battista Montini; successor of John XXIII. 1 Prepapal CareerThe son of a...
19) Manning, Henry Edward. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Henry Edward, 1808-92, English churchman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. 1 Early Life and Anglican ChurchmanManning was born of a Low Church family and was...
20) John XXIII, pope. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...John XXIII, pope, 1881-1963, pope (1958-63), an Italian (b. Sotto il Monte, near Bergamo) named Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli; successor of Pius XII. He was of peasant...
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