2) bull, papal letter. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Middle Ages, the papal bull came to be more solemn than the papal brief or encyclical. The letter, traditionally sealed with lead, but in special circumstances with...

3) Ephesians. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...New Testament, written, according to tradition, by St. Paul to the Christians of Ephesus from his captivity at Rome (c.A.D. 60). There is ground for believing that...

4) Mun, Albert, comte de. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...French Roman Catholic leader and politician. A monarchist at first, he later loyally supported the Third Republic. He was one of the few French Catholics of his day...

5) Leo XIII, pope. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Leo XIII, pope, 1810-1903, pope (1878-1903), an Italian (b. Carpineto, E of Rome) named Gioacchino Pecci; successor of Pius IX. Ordained in 1837, he earned an excellent...

6) Pius XII. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Pius XII, 1876-1958, pope (1939-58), an Italian named Eugenio Pacelli, b. Rome; successor of Pius XI. Ordained a priest in 1899, he entered the Vatican's secretariat...

7) Thomas Aquinas, Saint. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Italian philosopher and theologian, Doctor of the Church, known as the Angelic Doctor, b. Rocca Secca (near Naples). He is the greatest figure of scholasticism, one...

8) Gregory XVI. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Gregory XVI, 1765-1846, pope (1831-46), an Italian named Bartolomeo Alberto Capellari, b. Belluno; successor of Pius VIII. In 1783 he became a Camaldolite and was...

9) Martin I, Saint, d. 655?, pope. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Maximus had urged, to deal with Monotheletism, discussion of which had been forbidden by Byzantine Emperor Constans II. The council condemned all Monothelete utterances,...

10) Pius X, Saint. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Pius X, Saint, 1835-1914, pope (1903-14), an Italian named Giuseppe Sarto, b. near Treviso; successor of Leo XIII and predecessor of Benedict XV. Ordained in 1858,...