11) Philip IV, king of France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Philip IV, king of France, (Philip the Fair), 1268-1314, king of France (1285-1314), son and successor of Philip III. The policies of his reign greatly strengthened...
12) Hohenstaufen. The American HeritageŽ Dictionary of the English Language:
Fourth Edition. 2000.
...of the Holy Roman Empire (1138-1208 and 1215-1254). Hohenstaufens also reigned in Sicily (1194-1268)....
13) Swabia. The American HeritageŽ Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth
Edition. 2000.
...France and Switzerland. It was divided into small principalities and fiefdoms after 1268, but its prosperous towns often banded together in defensive leagues, most...
14) Jacopone da Todi. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...name was originally Jacopo Benedetti. After the sudden death of his wife, he renounced (c.1268) his career as an advocate, gave his goods to the poor, and after 10...
15) Pisano, Nicola. The American HeritageŽ Dictionary of the English Language:
Fourth Edition. 2000.
...(1245?-1314?), a sculptor and architect, designed the Church of the Franciscans in Naples (1268)....
16) Schwabisch Gmund. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...and glass. Founded by the mid-12th cent., Schwabisch Gmund was a free imperial city from 1268 until 1803, when it passed to Wurttemberg. Noteworthy buildings include...
17) Stephen V. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...He rebelled against his father and in 1262 forced him to share the kingdom. After invading (1268) Bulgaria, Stephen took the title king of Bulgaria. He secured alliances...
18) John of Procida. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Anjou, who was given Sicily by the pope. After Manfred's defeat and Conradin's execution (1268) by Charles, John went into exile at the court of Manfred's son-in-law,...
19) Conradin. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...attempt to recover his kingdom. Several cities rallied to his support, but he was defeated (1268) by Charles at Tagliacozzo. He was captured and executed at Naples....
20) Pisano, Nicola. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...concentrated on the human figure, creating a style of monumental dignity. From 1265 to 1268 he worked on a larger pulpit for the cathedral at Siena. Assisted by his...
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