11) Joensuu. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Eastern Finland prov., SE Finland. It is the trade center of the forest region of NE Karelia, has plywood mills, and is an important lake port. It was chartered in...
12) Finno-Ugric languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...include Finnish, native to about 5 million in Finland and about 1 million elsewhere; Karelian, used by close to 100,000 in Karelia in NW Russia; Estonian, the mother...
13) 1768, Dec. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
...and in the end was obliged to conclude the Treaty of Wereloe, which left Finland and Karelia in Russian hands. 8 1789, Feb By the Act of Unity and Security, Gustavus,...
14) Northern War. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Stanislaus I, while Peter I completed the conquest of Swedish Livonia, Ingermanland, and Karelia. Frederick IV of Denmark also resumed the war, seized ducal Schleswig,...
15) Russia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Chechnya, Chuvash, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess, Karelia, Khakass, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia, North Ossetia-Alania, Sakha, Tatarstan,...
16) Peter I, czar of Russia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Poltava in 1709 and by the Treaty of Nystad (1721) retained his conquests of Ingermanland, Karelia, and Livonia. 5Peter's conquests in the south were less permanent....
17) 1708, July 11. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
...between Russia and Sweden. Russia acquired Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland, part of Karelia, and a number of Baltic islands. Thus Peter had achieved his great purpose...
18) Sweden. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...a great European power. Through a war with Russia, he acquired (1617) Ingermanland and Karelia; from Poland he took nearly all of Livonia. By his victories at Breitenfeld...
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