Chapter 19 - Oxidative Phosphorylation

Explain THREE (3) reasons why photosynthetic rate is reduced under water deficit.

Scenario #3: Arsenic poisoning. Ralph worked in a zinc refinery for 30 years. He never missed a day’s work until about a month ago when he began to experience frequent headaches, long periods of confusion, with attendant severe diarrhea, and drowsiness. Arsenic inhibits the breakdown of pyruvate.   1.    Which cellular respiration pathway is directly affected by arsenic poisoning? a.    All cellular respiration pathways are affected b.    Glycolysis c.     Electron transport chain d.    Kreb’s cycle     2.       Which of the following cellular respiration processes will NOT be affected by the arsenic? a.    Reduction of NAD+ and FAD during Kreb’s cycle b.    Production of pyruvic acid c.     Electrons will not be delivered to the oxygen to make water d.    Creating an electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane

During his flight, Ikaris detected microorganism X in the abyssal zone of the Indian Ocean. X fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide via the Calvin cycle, and oxidised inorganic compounds as electron donors. X is most likely a  a. Chemolithoautotroph b. Photolithoautotroph  c. Photoorganoheterotrophs  d. Chemoorganoautotroph

10- The CO2 exhaled by animals comes from _____ of cellular respiration. a) glycolysis and transition reaction b) transition reaction and Krebs cycle c) CTE and glycolysis d) Krebs cycle only 11-During a Krebs cycle of cellular respiration, FADH contributes to the production of: a) 2 ATPs b) 3 ATPs c) 4 ATPs d) 6 ATPs 12- Which of these events takes place in a stroma of a chloroplast? a) conversion of water to O2 b) CO2 reduction c) clear reactions d) chemiosmosis 13-What name is given to the process that adds a third phosphate to ADP by flow of H+ ions? a) synthesis of ATP at the substrate level b) fermentation c) Chemosomosis 15-What is wrong about the plant components that allow photosynthesis? a) the xylem is the vascular tissue transporting water and minerals b) the mesophyll is the photosynthetic tissue of the leaf c) the phloem is the vascular tissue transporting water and sugars d) the stroma is the microscopic opening of a leaf 16- What is true about…

In addition to C3 photosynthesis (the most common form),there are two other mechanisms for fixing carbon dioxide.These are C4 metabolism and _________________.

Why does the boundary layer surrounding a photosynthetic organism make it more difficult to exchange CO2 and O2?

Q21. Photosynthesis is an oxidation-reduction process. Which of the following statements about this redox process is correct? The oxidation of NADPH by the Calvin Cycle is linked to the reduction of CO2. In the electron transport chain, plastocyanin is easier to be oxidized than PQ. Following light absorption H2O is oxidized to O2. Absorption of light by P700 makes it easier to be reduced.   A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct

Respond to the following questions.  Why might it seem surprising that green light can drive any photosynthesis, given that chlorophyll, the major photosynthetic pigment, is green? How can it do this? Suppose that CO2 levels were to rise to 600 ppm, which in fact probably was their level about 300 million years ago. What effect would you suppose that might have regarding competition between C3 and C4 plants? In other words, which of the two kinds of plants would the change favour and why?

1. Describe stage 2 of the Calvin Cycle. Be sure to include the main molecules involved, and the main molecules made, and include what energy carriers are used! 2. Describe stage 3 of the Calvin Cycle. Be sure to include the main molecules involved, and the main molecules made, and include what energy carriers are used!

Is the primary goal of photosynthesis to make organic compounds such as glucose (C6H12O6), or is the goal to produce oxygen gas (O2) for aerobic organisms? 1

3. How does oxidative phosphorylation differ from substrate-level phosphorylation? 4. Why must autotrophic organisms also respire or ferment in addition to fixing CO2?

Photosystem II has what role in photosynthesis?   Question 9 options:   directly pumping protons across the chloroplast membrane   synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi   release CO2 and generate NADPH   fix CO2   oxidation of H2O to O2

1. What is photosynthesis? 2. Give the chemical equation of photosynthesis 3. Explain the importance of chlorophyl and other pigments 4. Describe the pattern of electron flow during a live reaction event? 5. Describe the significant event of the calvin cycle

MUltiple choice (answers only)  11. Which of the following phrases apply to the dark phase of photosynthesis? I The process takes place in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts. II There is carbon fixation. III There is photophosphorylation. IV Oxygen is one of the products of the reaction. V There is a reduction. VI The process produces NADPH + H +. VII ATP molecules are necessary for the reactions to take place. a) I, III and IV b) I, II and VII II, c) V and VII d) III, IV and VI d) II, V, VI and VII 12. Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration because: a) Most animals breathe air. b) Only bacteria and yeasts use anaerobic respiration. c) The blood always carries enough oxygen to the cells. d) Aerobic respiration allows for faster oxidation during intense exercise. e) more ATP is produced by a metabolized molecule. 13. At the end of glycolysis, most of the glucose energy undergoing aerobic respiration is in the molecules: a) lactic acid. b)ATP. c)pyruvic acid. d)…

Complex 2 oxidizes ___ and reduces __ a. FAD, COQ b. COQ , Cytochrome C C NADH, COQ d. Succinate, Coenzyme Q

The purpose of this assignment is to the understand processes within cells, including enzymes, diffusion, osmosis and pH, that allow cellular energy production to occur.After completing the four Unit 3 Labs on Connect (above), apply critical thinking to answer the following: 1. Describe two examples of enzyme involvement in photosynthesis.2. Explain the role of the cytoplasm in photosynthesis.

Unlike the cyanobacteria, the anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria do not produce O2 . Why not?

Why is it necessary to lyse the chloroplasts? 1.DCPIP passes easily across the intact chloroplast membrane and the thylakoid membrane, so electron transport could not be reliably measured 2.DCPIP passes easily across the intact chloroplast membrane, but can't get into the thylakoid, so electron transport could not be reliably measured 3.DCPIP cannot easily pass across the intact chloroplast membrane, so electron transport across the thylakoid membrane could not be reliably measured

Discuss: 1) the mechanisms that transport photosynthate from sources to sinks.  Why is this important on a physiological level and a societal level?

1.  Describe the processes of photosynthesis, (cellular) respiration, and decomposition and how they contribute to the cycling of carbon in the environment.

How do we know that C4 photosynthesis suppresses photorespiration?

HOW ARE PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROBES ABLE TO EXTRACT ∼38 MOLECULES OF ATP FROM 3 MOLECULES OF CO2?  EXPLAIN BY PROVIDING AN OUTLINE.

3. Give a schematic diagram of the events of the oxidative phosphorylation involving the electron transport, proton transport, ATP synthesis, reduction of oxygen бр

Explain why C4 photosynthesis is advantageous in hot, dryconditions

Why must nitrogen fixation occur in an anoxic (i.e., oxygen-free) environment? a)Because H2 is an additional product of nitrogen fixation, and the combination of H2 and O2 would cause the cell to combust. b)Oxygen poisons the dinitrogenase enzyme by entering the FeMo cluster c)Oxygen competes as an electron acceptor in the ETC, so electrons cannot be passed to N2. d)Oxygen "steals" electrons from the dinitrogenase reductase, producing free radicals.

The purpose of this assignment is to the understand processes within cells, including enzymes, diffusion, osmosis and pH, that allow cellular energy production to occur.1. Describe two examples of enzyme involvement in photosynthesis.2. Explain the role of the cytoplasm in photosynthesis.

The Calvin–Benson cycle starts with_____ . a. the absorption of photon energy b. carbon fixation c. the release of electrons from photosystem II d. NADP+ formation