Lab 8 (1)
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Lab 8: Human Population
ENVS 1401L
Name: _
Pre-lab Activity
The global human population has been growing exponentially for two centuries. Across space and time, this growth varies significantly. What population growth trends are you aware of? What are your best guesses to the following questions:
1.
What regions / countries do you think have high and low rates of population growth?
__High rates: High population growth rates are often seen in areas with high birth rates and limited access to contraception and family planning services. Some examples include
sub-Saharan Africa, where countries like Niger, Angola, and Zambia have some of the highest birth rates in the world.
__Low rates: Low population growth rates are often seen in regions with low birth rates, high levels of education and economic development, and better access to family planning services. Examples are many European countries, such as Germany, Italy, and Spain, as well as countries like Japan and Korea.
2.
How has population growth changed in the U.S. in recent decades?
__ The growth rate was affected by factors such as a decrease in the birth rate, an aging population, and fluctuations in immigration levels. While the U.S. population continued to grow, the growth rate was slower than in the previous period.
3.
What trends are occurring in urban areas (cities) versus rural areas?
__ Globally, urban areas are experiencing faster population growth than rural areas. This trend, known as urbanization, is driven by factors such as migration from rural to urban, natural population growth within urban areas, and economic opportunities in cities.
4.
What do you think is the most populous city in the world?
__ Last time I updated it, the world's most populous city is Tokyo, Japan. However, the ranking can change over time due to various factors such as migration, natural disasters, and government policies.
I.
Population growth and socioeconomic status
1.
In the industrialized
world in 1960, people were healthy, educated, rich, and ____(i)______. Their aspiration was to _____(ii)_____.
i.
__had small families
ii.
__buy a car
2.
In the developing
world in 1960, citizens had aspirations to ___(i)_____.
1
i.
__had a food for a day, saving to be able to buy a pair of shoes.
3.
Today, the richest have even higher aspirations, of traveling by __(i)__. i.
__plane
4.
Because of the growth of __(i)___ economies between the richest and poorest economies,
the socioeconomic gap separating them is __(ii)__.
i.
__emerging
ii.
__ growing 5.
The only way to slow world population growth today is to __(i)__.
i.
__continue to improve child survival to 90%
II.
All about population pyramids
1.
Social scientists and policy experts need data on not just population size, but also internal
characteristics to a country, such as ___(i)____ distributions. Population pyramids were developed to display this data visually.
i.
__age and gender
2.
Comparing the population pyramids of Rwanda, Canada, and Japan shows us countries in
three different stages of ____(i)____.
i.
__ demographic transition
3.
As a country begins to industrialize, life __(i)___ typically increases
and child __(ii)___ typically decreases
through improvements in medicine, sanitation, and food supply.
i.
__ expectancy
ii.
__ mortality
III.
Connecting population to resource use
(a) 1. Given that March 14 is the 73
rd
day of the year, calculate how many Earth’s we would need to support a global population of American lifestyles.
_ 5 (365/73)
(b)
1. World Population in 1971: _ 3.77 billion
2. World Population in 2020: _ 7.89 billion
2
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