PAM2HP2 workshop 3_online

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School

La Trobe University *

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Course

2HP2

Subject

Medicine

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

docx

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Cardiovascular (Blood Pressure) High blood pressure has no symptoms but is a major risk factor for heart attack and stroke Before Class: As part of your preparation for this workshop: 1. Review this week’s online content before coming to your workshop 2. Read this week’s workshop notes and bring a copy to your workshop 3. Watch the demonstration on the LMS on how to measure blood pressure 1 Week THREE Workshop Semester 2 / 2022 PAM2HP2 – Human Physiology 2 La Trobe University

Workshop Overview: The effect of posture on blood pressure: During this part of the workshop, you will be measuring the blood pressure of one (or more) of your group members. You will be using an automated blood pressure monitoring device for this prac and examining the effect of different postures on mean arterial pressure. Short answer questions: You will complete a number of short-answer questions based on the practical activity and this week’s content. You should work through these answers and discuss them with your peers/facilitator as you go. These questions are only for your own learning – they are not formally assessed but will give you valuable practice at answering the style of questions that you will encounter in your end-of-module assessments. After you have completed these questions, your tutors will discuss the answers with the class. Menti questions : In the last part of today’s workshop you will participate in a class menti session where we will use the polling program Mentimeter. The purpose of this MCQ session is to give you a feel for how well you understand this week’s content and is for your own feedback on your learning – it is not a formal assessment and does NOT contribute to your mark for the subject. 2 WARNING: if you have any medical condition which might influence your ability to perform any of the activities in this workshop, or put you or someone else at risk, DO NOT volunteer for those activities as a subject. It is your responsibility to assess your suitability, otherwise do not participate. If necessary, please make your facilitator aware of your condition.

Part A: Measuring Blood Pressure Aims & Objectives At the end of this workshop, students should be able to: 1. follow a step-by-step procedure on how to take blood pressure under normal physiological conditions 2. evaluate normal blood systolic and diastolic readings You will be able to achieve these aims by actively participating in the experimental procedures that follow. Safety considerations Blood pressure measurement is a standard clinical procedure and carries no risk if it is correctly carried out. The equipment used is built to clinical safety standards. The tissues supplied by the brachial artery (resting muscle, connective tissue, skin, fat, bone) are tolerant to brief periods of ischaemia (absence of blood flow) and are not injured during blood pressure measurements. However never leave the cuff inflated on the subject’s limb for extended periods of time (ie., over 30sec). Background Details When we talk about ‘blood pressure’, we mean the pressure of the blood against the arteries, so it is really ‘arterial blood pressure’. When the flow of blood through the arteries is stopped temporarily, or occluded, and then allowed to flow again, it 1) makes sounds that can be heard through a stethoscope or 2) sensed by an automatic blood pressure device. Listening to blood pressure using a cuff is an indirect (or non-invasive ) way of measuring blood pressure. The gold standard for really accurate blood pressure measurement is through a catheter or tube inserted directly into an artery. This technique is not practical or appropriate for non- hospitalized patients or for large scale screenings. Direct and indirect measurements are similar but rarely identical. Indirect measurement is accurate enough and is used because it is practical, simple, low-cost, and non-invasive. Before the 21 st century, the traditional method for measuring blood pressure noninvasively involved auscultation of the brachial artery with a stethoscope to detect the appearance and muffling or disappearance of the Korotkoff sounds, which represent systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively. Over the past two decades, the oscillometric technique, wherin software within a device evaluates the oscillometric waveforms, commonly during blood pressure cuff deflation, and uses alogorithms to estimate blood pressure, has been developed and refined. Regardless of who is measuring blood pressure or the method used (auscultatory or oscillometric), the accuracy of the blood pressure readings relies on standardised techniques and appropriate observer training. 3