Chapter 2 study guide

China is a very influential world power and has been for many years. The Classical and Post-Classical years in China were a time of achievement and advancement, especially in the religious movement. Post-Classical and Classical China were very important historical periods, and their religions, and the effect of them on the world around them highlighted that importance.

In China during 406-221 BCE, the battling states between the Zhou and the Han Dynasties? were in a state of governmental disorder. Although the era was in a disruptive state, it ushered in a cultural opening that left a long lasting imprint on the Chinese history. As a result, three major belief systems surfaced Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism in an attempt to achieve a sense of political order in a disorder period. There are distinctions in the way each of the belief systems approached the many problems that plagued the Chinese society. First, all of the founders were contemporaries in China. As well as considered philosophies, who studied the future, and sat out to focus on the present rather than the past. In contrast, Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism established various paths in search of an optimistic future for the success of China. Second, both Legalism and Confucianism developed a social belief system, but are considered a religion. However, both Legalism and Confucianism purpose was to create an orderly society in the hopes of prosperity. In contrast, Daoism does

Legalism was very different from both Confucianism and Daoism because Legalism was the belief that people needed to be controlled because they were evil. Legalism is found in China and was founded by Han Feize. While it is unknown when Legalism was established, it is known that Han Feize was born in 280 B.C. so that gives a general time when legalism started. Legalism didn’t deal with much religious concerns but was more of a political philosophy instead. Citizens were seen to be responsible for actions of one another. A person who is considered guilty, their relatives and neighbors should be punished as well. This was a way to make sure that the laws are followed. The laws are strict with harsh punishments. People who spy on others and report anything that they do wrong to the authorities are thought to be doing right of the law. Both Legalism and Confucianism are belief systems within a group of people, not religions, and both are intended to lead to an orderly way of life, how they approach their teachings are complete opposed.

Religious and political ideas have served as the fundamental foundation to many early civilizations and settlements and Ancient China is no exception. The texts of the Ta Hsüeh and the Chung Yung clearly details some ideas and concepts of early Confucianism in Ancient China. These early Confucian ideas and concepts from the two texts, in many ways reflect the political, intellectual, and social context of ancient China. Although Confucianism is no long as prominent as it was during the times of ancient China, it is important to understand these concepts and how later Chinese Dynasty adopted it. Confucianism has developed and influenced modern China and also other East Asian cultures, customs, and heritages.

From the below freezing temperatures of northern China, to the sand deserts of the south, China has it all. The diversity in the climates shaped the way modern day China has evolved, and will continue to evolve in the future, as we keep discovering more, and more. China is home to some of the tallest mountains, and some of the deepest valleys, which allows for multiple native resources and imported species to be grown there, including plants and animals. They had thousands of miles of fertile coastline with a major abundance. This various resources allowed the empire to do more internal trading than they needed to do externally.

Confucianism developed from the period of Hundred Schools of thought. It was widely acknowledged throughout most of the great empires in ancient China and was even adopted as the official school in Han Dynasty. Even though social and political structures have changed dramatically since then, Confucianism still has great influence over East Asia. This paper focus on lasting legacies of Confucianism in five aspects, which are family model, proper order, government model, elite regulation and political economy. These legacies form fundamental social values of ancient China and they continue affecting people’s perceptions in East Asia.

Confucianism was one of the philosophies that was one solution to create a peace to society. Confucius was the founder of Confucianism, who was known to be ancient China’s first great thinker and teacher. He felt that the Chinese people needed a sense of duty. Furthermore, a duty means that these people should do what others and the community need before they complete their own needs for themselves. In this philosophy, there was the Golden Rule, which was, “Do unto others as you would have unto to you.” Moreover, the rule means people should treat others the way they want to be treated. This philosopher’s sayings

The concern among traditional culture and the change of modernization for Chinese culture has been talked about by a great philosopher of recent memory by the name of Confucius. Confucius knew that China will eventually change because socially every nation will have interacted with each other, which will ultimately help China have a stable economic growth to thrive on. However, Chinese's are subjected to altered their economy and cultural values. Despite their influence and determination, China did not embark on any progress to a fixed, integrate and cultural system.

Confucianism has been a predominant school of thought in China for ages and is a cornerstone of Chinese culture. Its influence on human relationships and ethical

They were among the countries that seemed destined for world domination—with their advancements in technology and a powerful military, conquering new lands, like the New World, did not seem out of their reach. According to Paul Kennedy, in his essay, Rise of the Western World, China had a “hierarchic administration run by a well-educated Confucian bureaucracy” that gave them a “coherence and sophistication to Chinese society which was the envy of foreign visitors” (Kennedy 5-6). This was opposite of the European world of this time; there was no unified leader to rule over everyone. Not to mention, the countries were all scattered and separated, so it would have been difficult to govern the anonymity of it. Other achievements, which made China seemed as if they were on the path to being successful leaders in dominating new lands, were their technology and military. China is credited in inventing gunpowder and canons, as well as having a domineering military, something the Europeans did not have at this time due to being too spread out and not unified. Like China, the Ottoman Turks also had a substantial army, which posed as threat to the rest of the world. The Ottoman Empire had advancements, such as libraries like the Chinese had, and also in medicine and mathematics. Both these cultures were surely on their way to success, but each had their downfall. Even with the downfalls, Europe faced disadvantages that outweighed their

In this situation, Confucianism is utilized in school since the teachers know that you are naturally good and that you know what is right and wrong. This is shown through behavior in class, how much work you get done in class, and the decisions you make when you think about doing your homework or coming to school, or even respecting the teachers. In general, the teachers give students freedom to do as they please knowing that the students know how to handle that amount of freedom.

During the end of the Zhou dynasty, China moved away from its ancient values of social order, harmony, and respect for authority. In order to maintain these values, Chinese scholars and philosophers looked for different solutions. Confucius was China’s most influential scholar who had a scholarly life and wanted to restore the order and moral living China had left behind. Besides Confucius other Chinese scholars and philosophers developed ethical systems with very different philosophies. Some were more focused in nature and others in government. For example, a Chinese thinker, Laozi, for him only natural order was important. This involves relationships among all living things. He said that a universal force called the Dao, meaning ‘’The Way’’,

They didn't want to have a lot of wars, so they tried and stay away from those kinds of political, economic problems and just worried mostly about themselves. They tried to Make themselves look better with their architecture and other amazing advancements they had. They had strong and powerful leaders that would bring them much success in battle or just economically. The Qing Dynasty was also a very successful time period like the advancing technology but they started to have major issues that started to tear their economy down.

China used education and political growth to establish themselves. They grew slowly and were on of the strongest countries of their time. They were the strongest countries in international trade. They would stop growing in the late 19th century due to lack of technology at that time.

There was something seriously wrong with the justice and equality in this dynasty, that the philosophy of Confucius could help.