Different Types Of Policing Used Today

Crime analysis is a tactic that police officers need in order to enhance their prevention, investigation, and apprehension skills (Foster, 2013). Crime analysis is a set of organized, diagnostic processes that furnish prompt, relevant information about crime patterns and trend correlations to assist police in criminal apprehension, crime prevention, evaluation of organizational procedures, and disorder reduction (Flash Card Machine, 2012). Crime mapping plays a key role in conducting modern crime analysis (Foster, 2013). The minimum type of technology required for accurate crime analysis is: a laptop or desktop computer with sufficient speed, enough hard disk storage to accommodate data and functions, and a high-quality printer that can handle color maps and workload (Foster, 2013).

CompStat allows police agencies to examine individual neighborhoods, or police precincts, and determine what problems need to be solved. CompStat involves the public by seeing them as the stakeholders (Cronkhite, 2013). The stakeholders, or public, are then involved in determining what the problems are in their area. CompStat then holds the commanding officer accountable for what is occurring in the areas under his command. CompStat also helps decentralize police command by empowering precinct commanders the freedom to solve the problems. This leads to new ideas and innovations that was not possible when decisions were made by a centralized command structure. Park and Barthe (2015) see CompStat as part of the SARA process being an integral part of identifying problems. CompStat has made police aware that statistics do have a place in policing and used correctly can lead to a reduction in crime and client satisfaction. Police officers in departments using concepts of problem oriented policing were found to be able to solve problems in their area by giving them the freedom to analyze problems and develop solutions (Park & Bathe,

Rather than reacting to crime simply after it takes place, community policing fundamentally inspires agencies to improve some results that will instantaneously help with the ultimate situation contributing in the course of public safety problems. Problem solving must be necessary to show infused concern in all police operations and guidelines in reference to decision making process. Agencies are optimistic when it comes down to intelligent thinking with reference to their reactions and in their assessment when making uniform arrests has been only one of a wide selection of awaiting responses or decision making

DDPIA is a integral part of that process that involves the gathering and analysis of timely and accurate criminal intelligence information, crime statistics and other data such as emergency incident and management information, traffic data, and individual anecdotal information such as routine police reports. Criminal statistical information is crucial to COMPSTAT to enable analysts to structure information in ways that can assist managerial decision making processes. Through the compilation of a wide range of data sources it is possible to search for and determine larger patterns and trends, which in turn allows commanders to make strategic decisions about resources, manpower, operations, plain clothes operations and beat policing activities.

In SARA “Scanning” is the first step and it requires police to identify and prioritize potential problems in their area. The “A” stands for analysis, This step includes what time the particular crime is committed, what location, who are the likely offenders, In addition, evaluating their environmental design characteristics. Analysis also allows the Police to utilize crime mapping and other resources, so the proper responses can be manifested. The third step, response has the police develop and implement interventions designed to rectify the problems. The final step is assessment, which involves evaluating the impact of the response and what good has been accomplished

Reactive patrols and proactive patrols are mainstays of American police agencies. Reactive patrols provide the required rapid law enforcement response to citizen requests for assistance and other emergencies. Meanwhile, proactive patrols provide the necessary planning and allocation of police resources to effectively respond to specific, ongoing problems such as "white collar crime" and the "victimless crimes" of drug transactions behind closed doors. Careful examinations of each patrol type and the effects of using exclusively reactive patrols or exclusively proactive patrols show that a balanced approach using both types of patrols gives the best law enforcement response to the needs of the community.

“The ultimate goal is to improve order in these specific areas to create broad crime-reduction results across the greater area. (Office of Justice Programs, 2011).” Each agency has a different set of procedures and components they use for hot spots policing for example, some agencies focus only on reducing crime in certain locations that have extremely high levels of crime. Although other agencies use several different techniques such as using three different approaches. The three approaches used are increasing misdemeanor arrests, situational prevention strategies, and social service actions. Another procedure used by other agencies includes working within the communities to become available for new information on planned crimes.

Just like any other organization policing is looking to be the most effect and efficient while also maintaining its duties to protect and serve. There are many organizations that are interested in researching how policing can be improved and made to be the best. While some organizations rely on self-reporting type of surveys others are based strictly on the facts and evidence. Below are three different organizations that are all trying to improve policing but each take a slightly different approach at doing so.

Each police department has their differences’ in how they are run but they all fall under three different approaches to stop crime. These approaches are called proactive, reactive, and coactive according to the textbook called Police Field Operations: Theory Meets Practice. The first tactic is called proactive. According to the textbook proactive policing is “when police work with the community to prevent crime” (Birzer & Roberson, 2014).

Over the course of this essay we have discussed crime prevention programs, theories and the results of such programs. As a society it is incumbent upon the citizenry to be conscience of what goes on in they’re communities and to assist our law enforcement professional in any way possible to deter and reduce crime and its effects on our well being.

In general, the purpose of major crime-reporting programs is three-fold: (1) To assess and evaluate the apparent need for police intervention strategies; (2) To assess and evaluate the relative success of existing approaches and strategies; and (3) To allow municipal administrators and police agencies to allocate available resources as appropriately and cost-effectively as possible by coordinating resources and community needs (Schmalleger, 2009; Safir, 2003). In principle, a successful crime-reporting program is one that accurately and comprehensively represents the actual breakdown of criminal activity within a community so as to allow decision-makers to quantify those data in ways that facilitate optimal resource allocation and policing policies (Schmalleger, 2009; Safir, 2003). Additionally, accomplishing those objectives at minimal cost is another essential element of that approach, particularly in relatively small communities with comparatively limited municipal and police resources (Burnett, 2007).

There are four basic principles that allow them to respond to crime faster. These principles are timely an accurate intelligence, along with effective tactics, rapid deployment, relentless follow-up and assessment. These four basic principles have to happen on a continuous basis in order for the whole system to be effective. This is why management must play a key role in the use, and implementation of CompStat. This is one of the main differences between private enterprise and the public sector is the bottom line of positive returns. If a business implements an unsuccessful strategy or provides an unacceptable level of customer service, it is not long before it becomes a failed business. Much like a business, the bottom line with CompStat is results. (Shawnee P.D. 2012)

Comp-stat is tool that the police use in order to keep track of crime. Comstat is a very important tool used by the NYPD and other law enforcement agencies across the United States. The use of comp stat is usually helpful in sharing information, improvement of effectiveness and as well as police accountability. The results of this model is mainly based on its four components rapid resource deployment, relentless follow-up, time and accurate information or rather intelligence. A while known characteristic of this management model is its regular meetings where different officers get together with departmental executives analyze as well discuss crime problems together with strategies that are employed in addressing those problems. Commanders from

I chose to briefly speak about Compstat, what it is, how it works, and the benefits policing gets from it. Compstat is an another word for "Computer Statistics" or in other locations they know it as "Compare Statistics". This program is actually a NYPD program that all around the world it has been imitated, but they all have different classifications. Compstat has four important sections: Accurate and timely intelligence, Effective tactics, Rapid deployment, and Relentless follow-up and assessment. A rationale idea for the intelligence aspect is that, " Information describing how and where crimes are committed, as well as who criminals are, must be available to all levels of policing (Worrall, Schmalleger). "Tactics are used to respond based

The three most prevalent crime analysis methods that are tactical, strategical, and administrative(Wyckoff, 2014). Tactical crime analysis incorporates information analyzed for the purpose of short-term solutions(Wyckoff, 2014). Tactical crime analysis information is usually kept internal and produced on a daily basis(Wyckoff, 2014). Moreover, tactical crime analysis aids in the development of patrol and investigation practices along with deployment of resources(Wyckoff, 2014). Most of the data used for tactical crime analysis devises from police reports(Wyckoff, 2014). Some examples of tactical crime analysis are repeated incident analysis, crime pattern analysis, and linking known offenders to prior crimes(Wyckoff, 2014). Another type of crime analysis is strategic which data is analyzed for the purpose of creating and evaluating of long-term strategies, policies, and prevention techniques(Wyckoff, 2014). Strategic crime analysis is usually conducted slowly and at a deliberate pace(Wyckoff, 2014). The process of strategic crime analysis begins with police reports by is heavily influenced by outside sources of information which can be produced by quantitative or qualitative methods(Wyckoff, 2014). Some examples of strategic crime analysis are trend analysis, hot spot analysis, and problem analysis(Wyckoff, 2014). Lastly, there is administrative crime analysis which deals with management needs(Wyckoff, 2014). This crime analysis approach is very broad where actions are taken either regularly or upon request(Wyckoff, 2014). Analyzing information to develop patrol staffing, districting and re-districting, cost-benefits, and resource deployment for special occasions are some examples of the administrative crime analysis approach(Wyckoff,