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Émile Littré (1801–1881)
Littré, Maximilien Paul Émile (lē-trā’). A French philologist, philosopher, lexicographer, and author; born at Paris, Feb. 1, 1801; died there, June 2, 1881. He is best known for his celebrated ‘Dictionary of the French Language’ (1863–72). In addition, he contributed to scientific and philosophical journals, was active in politics, translated the works of Hippocrates (10 vols., 1839–61), which admitted him to the Academy of Inscriptions, and Pliny’s ‘Natural History’ (1848), and wrote a ‘History of the French Language’ (1862); ‘Studies of the Barbarians and the Middle Ages’ (1867); ‘Medicine and Physicians’ (1872); ‘Literature and History’ (1875); ‘The Establishment of the Third Republic’ (1880); and several treatises on Auguste Comte’s positive philosophy, of which he was an ardent advocate. In 1871 he was elected to the French Academy.