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Robert Schumann (1810–1856)
Schumann, Robert (shö’man). A noted German songwright, composer, and musical critic, born at Zwickau, Saxony, July 8, 1810; died at Endenich near Bonn, July 29, 1856. He was educated at Heidelberg; in 1843 became professor of composition in the conservatory of Leipsic; and in 1850 musical director at Düsseldorf. While engaged in that place he became insane. His works include almost every art form except oratorio. He wrote four symphonies, several cantatas, an opera, a mass, sonatas, concertos, quartets for strings and also for voices, pieces for the piano, the organ, and a number of songs. His ‘Collected Writings on Music and Musicians’ appeared in 1854.