Q: why a pathogen COULD need to turn off certain genes when infecting a host?
A: Pathogens (specially bacterial pathogens) are equipped with some specific virulence genes located…
Q: Small genetic changes to a virus that result in viruses with similar antigenic properties is called
A:
Q: What is a nucleocapsid? Give examples of viruses with the twocapsid types.
A: Capsid refers to the protective covering of a virus made up of protomers. Protomers are the…
Q: Some phages have a modified replication cycle in which infected host cells continue to grow and…
A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…
Q: How do bacteriophages benefit and harm human hosts?
A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…
Q: Which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to…
A: The virus is the connecting link between living and non living. Most of the animal viruses are RNA…
Q: Describe the process of viral reproduction.
A: Viral reproduction includes six stages: attachement, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly,…
Q: List three ways in which viruses can be transmitted from one organism to another.
A: Virus is a non-living pathogenic agent which depends on its host for survival. It is composed of…
Q: An animal virus can become latent inside the host cell as a provirus, What happens in this process…
A: Latent period is also known as the latency period or the pre-infectious period. Latent period is the…
Q: When transmitting a virus to the next host, they usually talk about horizontal and vertical…
A: Virus - it is the connective link between live and alive And it is inactive outside the cell
Q: Which of the following is a way in which plasmids may be introduced into host organisms?
A: Plasmids or transposons are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously…
Q: Why is earlier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus
A: Mutations are the changes in the DNA sequence of an organism which may or may not affect the…
Q: Describe the structure of influenza virus and its spikes.
A: Influenza virus, commonly known as the flu virus is responsible for the infections in the…
Q: _refers to copies of plasmid inside host cells.
A: Cloning is the process or the technique, scientists use for creating a genetically identical clone…
Q: Why does the virus carry a reverse transcriptase enzyme?
A: Viruses are obligate parasites that only live in the host organism. the infect the host organism and…
Q: Please describe each step mentioned in the figure below illustrating retroviral transfer of DNA into…
A: A retrovirus is a virus that has its genetic material in the form of RNA. When a retrovirus infects…
Q: List a method a virus can use to prime DNA а replication and give an example of a virus that uses…
A: Introduction: Viral replication means formation of viruses into the host cells during infection.…
Q: Please describe each step mentioned in the figure below illustrating retroviral transfer of DNA into…
A: A retrovirus inserts a copy of its RNA genome into the DNA genome of a host cell where its genome is…
Q: Explain the Lytic replication cycle of a nonenveloped bacterial virus.
A: Viruses follow two types of the cycle in order to reproduce in the host cell: the lytic cycle and…
Q: Describe the four steps in a lytic phage infection.
A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…
Q: The lytic replication cycle results in bacteriophage DNA integrated into the host genome. A. True…
A: A bacteriophage, also called a phage informally, is a virus that infects and replicates within…
Q: Describe the infective process of a bacteriophage as it attacks a cell.
A: The virus that infects bacteria is known as Bacteriophage. These bacteriophages infects host cell in…
Q: Draw a diagram of the one-step growth curve ofvirus replication, and briefly explain why the…
A: The bacteria and viruses are totally different from each other. They are different from each other…
Q: What part of the host cell is degraded after phage nucleic acid has entered a host cell?
A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…
Q: The first phase in the multiplication of Bacteriophages is
A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.
Q: Reverse transcriptase is needed to transcribe which type of viral genome into DNA? dsRNA SSDNA SSRNA…
A: Viral genome - Viral genome is defined as the genome of the virus particles. This genome can be made…
Q: True or false: positive sense RNA strands of viruses are treated like mRNA inside a host cell.
A: The meaning of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly a strand of DNA or RNA, in molecular biology…
Q: properties of virus particles
A:
Q: When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism,how is it maintained In the host.
A: Introducing a foreign DNA into the host organism’s cells is known as gene delivery. In this process…
Q: Influenza virus uses______ which is found in the envelope spikes, to adhere to the host cell"
A: * Influenza virus will attacks respiratory system by entering the nose, throat and lungs. *Influenza…
Q: Explain the lytic cycle of a bacteriophages life cycle.
A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. The term "bacteriophage" literally means "bacteria…
Q: what could be the root causes why the COVID-19 Virus continue to spread? Name 5 main causes..
A: Viruses are infectious microparticles that cannot replicate independently. They infect the…
Q: Influenza viruses use to replicate its genome whereas retroviruses use…
A: Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. There…
Q: Describe the two main ways by which viral nucleic acid is introduced into the host cells
A: Viral infection causes stimulation of various specific and nonspecific types of immunity in the…
Q: Explain how poliovirus produces multiple proteins from its genomic RNA
A: Poliovirus is a single strand rna virus and it consists of positive strand rna and thus the rna is…
Q: The lytic cycle of a bacteriophage can be characterized by A large number of phages are released at…
A: Virus gains entry into the host cells. A bacteriophage is a virus that attacks bacteria. According…
Q: Describe how lytic bacteriophages are released from their host cells.
A: A temperate phage has an option to undergo lytic and lysogenic cycle. A lytic cycle involves the…
Q: True or False A bacteriophage that lacks a capsid structure is considered to be viroid
A: A length of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA), encased in a protein coat, makes up a virus, an…
Q: Explain how a virus can be genetically engineered to make it highly virulent and infectious
A: Introduction :- A virus is a small parasite that cannot reproduce by itself because it requires host…
Q: Explain why a virus is considered living or not living?
A: Virus are considered intermediate between the living or non living. They are considered as living…
Q: . Give an example of a DNA-repair defect that leads tocancer
A: Cancer results when body mechanism fails to control the cell division that has lost the control…
Q: List the Events in the lytic cycle of T-even bacteriophages.
A: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and they depend on host cells for reproduction and…
Q: The image of the virus as shown below is part of the family 0f
A: Virus is a pathogen that lies between living and nonliving. These are living when they enter living…
Q: Describe the functions of the transcriptase/replicase complex in coronavirus replication.
A: Introduction :- Coronaviruses are encapsulated RNA viruses with a positive strand that infect…
Q: What is meant when it is said that a virus is in an inactive state?
A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…
Q: Match each of the following viral families with the appropriate viral genera:
A: Virus are connecting link between living and non living. Herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes…
Q: Explain the life cycle of a virus
A: The life cycle of a virus is divided into five steps: attachment, penetration, biosynthesis,…
Q: Below is a figure for the cycle of the Influenza virus. Explain the shape.
A: Influenza virus(Flu virus) is a virus that cause flu by attacking lungs,throat and nose.This virus…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- The major lipid components of cell membranes are: OA. sphingolipids O B. prostaglandins O c. phosphoglycerides D. terpenoids 34Sphingolipids are considered as phospholipids if: O The polar head group contains a single sugar (carbohydrate) such as glucose All sphingolipids are phospholipids O The polar head group contains a phosphate group The polar head group contains a complex sugar (carbohydrate) containg sialic acidThe molecule that is composed of fused rings and a single OH group is: O a. Cellulose O b. Starch Protein O d. Steroid O e. Phospholipid
- Sphingolipids can contain of all of the following except A. glycerol. B. sphingosine. C. phosphocholine. D. a mono- or oligosaccharide.A phospholipid can be used to do all the following except O Increase the fluidity with the presence of unsaturated fatty acid tails. create a bi-layer membrane using amphipathic properties. form a micelle using a single layer and a hydrophobic core. O connect to a glycerol molecule to create a triacylglyceride.Which of the following molecules is amphipathic? Select all that apply. Select all that apply A triglyceride B phosphate C phospholipid D glucose E fatty acid F cholesterol Submit
- What are the components of a phospholipid? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. A polar phosphate group B. Three fatty acid chains C. Nonpolar fatty acid chains D. A nonpolar glycerol backboneof the following is incorrect about the sphingolipids? a. The backbone is sphingosine which has an amine group to which a fatty acid can be attac ▸ b. The sphingophospholipids have a phosphate group with an alcohol attached c. They are components of membranes Od. The cerebrosides have oligosaccharides as head groupsThe following structure is a glycerophospholipid. a. Circle & label the 4 parts of the molecule: fatty acids (2), glycerol, phosphate, & amino alcohol. CH,- 0 - Č - (CH,),CH, CH - 0 -Č- (CH,),CH, CH, CH,- 0 - P - 0 - CH,- CH,- N° - CH, b. Which part of the molecule is considered nonpolar (hydrophobic)? (fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate or amino alcohol)
- Unlike a phospholipid, cholesterol hasa. a glycerol backbone.b. a polar phosphate group.c. a multiple ring structure.d. unsaturated fatty acid chainsPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a __________ that carries a net __________ charge. A. glycerophospholipid; -1 B. glycerophospholipid; -2 C. glycerophospholipid; -4 D. sphingolipid; -2 E. sphingolipid; -3Which of the following are proteins? O cholesterol O ion channels O phospholipids O glycolipids O none of the above