Eosinophils are proinflammatory mediators : they function in allergy, parasite eradication, and chronic inflammation. True O False

Q: Our immune system efficiently kills all categories of microbes that attempt to colonize our bodies.…

A: Human body is protected with a very efficient immune system. It act as soldiers in protecting the…

Q: Fever is helpful because many disease-causing bacteria do not grow well in hot environments. O True…

A: Introduction: An elevated body temperature is referred to as a fever. Although it might differ from…

Q: Which of the following statements about endotoxin is true? Ita) is an example of an A-B toxin.b) is…

A: Exotoxins are released by the live bacteria. The exotoxins are classified into three types. They…

Q: Human bodies make more different varieties of antibodies than they do different Toll-like receptors.…

A: Humans have immune systems that defend the body from disease-causing microorganisms. The first line…

Q: An important difference between the primary response to an antigen and the anamnest response is that…

A: The primary response is the first response after the exposure of antigen during which the antibodies…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disorder? a) Lupus Ob) Rheumatoid Arthritis c) HIV/AIDS

A: Introduction - A disease in which the body's immune system attacks healthy cells is called…

Q: T  ________cells assist in the functions of certain B cells and other Tcells.a. sensitized b.…

A: Immune responses is a specific reactivity induced in a host by an antigenic stimulus. It could be of…

Q: True or False a. B cells are the only leukocytes involved in fighting off an infection. b.…

A: Blood consists of 4 different part, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Plasma…

Q: When T cells attack the insulin- producing islet cells in the pancreas, which of the following…

A: Insulin is a hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas in response to high blood sugar…

Q: Which of the following has a very LOW LD50 and is deadly by nonspecifically hyperactivating T-cells…

A: Introduction Cytokines are tiny proteins secreted by cells that have a specific influence on cell…

Q: The process in which antibodies attach to antigens,causing the formation of masses of linked cells,…

A: Answer is c.)  agglutination.

Q: Lyme disease is a tick vectored disease which may lead to neuropathy in undiagnosed cases. The…

A: Answers:  1) Diabetic patients are at higher risk for bacterial infection compared to non-diabetic…

Q: gory that is common during upper respiratory virus infections is: Production of antibodies…

A: Skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system that covers the body and provides three main…

Q: An antigen that is present without its toxic properties is called a(n)

A: INTRODUCTION Hapten is substances which can't elicit an immunological response. They are not able to…

Q: Which of the following cells would be safe from a natural killer (NK) cell's cytotoxicity? O a…

A: Natural killer or NK cells are lymphocytes which work like the Cytotoxic T cells, NK cells are fast…

Q: You are a nurse caring for a patient with a pulmonary (lung) mold infection, The mold represents a…

A: Please Note: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not…

Q: Macrophages can Aggressively eat parasites Secrete toxic peptides and enzymes Produce a powerful…

A: All of the above.

Q: Which of the following causes damage to the cells of the immunesystem and allows for opportunistic…

A: Immune system of the body protect the body by defending invading pathogens from surroundings. The…

Q: Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense? fever

A: The many defensive categories of the innate immune system do not work individually, rather they are…

Q: Type I, or immediate, hypersensitivity triggers plasma cells to secrete:- a. IgD b. IgM c. IgE d.…

A: Any condition that interferes with normal body functioning is considered a disease. Immunity is the…

Q: Prevention of rabies in humans involves passive immunity and active immunity.   True or False

A: The given statement is true as rabies prevention in humans involves passive as well as active…

Q: Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stemcells?a. B cellsb. natural killer cellsc.…

A: Stem cells are defined as precursor cells that have the potency to self-renew and to generate…

Q: Type II hypersensitivities are due toa. IgE reacting with mast cellsb. activation of cytotoxic T…

A: Normal immune system produces undesirable reactions such as allergies and autoimmunity and this is…

Q: When the immune system initiates an inflammatory response, this is always beneficial to resolving…

A: Inflammation is process which is characterized by redness, swelling, heat and pain.

Q: Infectious dose can determine whether or not an individual becomes ill with a given pathogen. True O…

A: Infection does can determine whether or not an individual become ill with a given pathoge , that is…

Q: An example of an exogenous pyrogen isa. interleukin-1 b. complement c. interferon d. endotoxin

A: Any substance that can trigger fever are known as pyrogens. There are two types of pyrogens namely…

Q: Why does the Center for Disease Control recommend annual screening for chlamydia? Group of answer…

A: Chlamydia is considered a sexually transmitted disease that affects both men and women. It tends to…

Q: The indirect reason for the appearance of skin lesions due to a Type IV hypersensitivity is Tc cells…

A: Hypersensitivity  Hypersensitivity or hypersensitive reactions are intolerance type reactions which…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by the immune system to fight multicellular…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that studies molecules, cells, and organs that build up the…

Q: Foreign particles in blood, i.e. infective agents, are removed by the lymphatic vessels veins…

A: A foreign object, in medical words, is something that is in the body yet does not belong there.…

Q: Which of the following are ways a pathogen can disrupt systemic controls? autoimmune diseases I…

A: Cytokines are a group of low-molecular- weight regulatory proteins secreted by WBC and other cells…

Q: tion. A) They release histamine in response to allergens. B) They release perforins to poke holes in…

A: There are two types of immunity in the body first is the humoral immunity which works by the action…

Q: Inflammatory cytokines a. act as opsonins. Ob. are produced only by phagocytic cells. c. facilitate…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: which of the following is a chemical defense found on all epithelial surfaces of the body?  Lysozme…

A: Lysozyme is a naturally occurring enzyme that is present in the tears,saliva,milk and mucus,etc.…

Q: Microbes and/or their products (endotoxins and lipopolysaccharides) : of all inflammations. are the…

A: The given statement is a false statement The underlying cause of inflammations is infectious agents…

Q: Poison oak and poison ivy, which involve a CD8 cell response, are examples of what type of…

A: Any undesirable reactions that is produced by the usual immune system is known as the…

Q: that can chemically antagonize the toxic agent. Which of the following drugs is most likely being…

A: Cardiac glycosides are a class of drugs that is used to treat heart failure in patients. Cardiac…

Q: life threatening excessive allergic response is called ___.     anaphylaxis     CVA     anergy…

A: Immune cells are responsible for removing the foreign particles from the body.

Q: Explain the actions of each of the following that make them virulencefactors:a. hemolysins b.…

A: An organism that causes disease is called pathogen. Virulence factors are the biomolecules in the…

Q: Which of the following conditions is not associated with HIV infection?a. Pneumocystis jirovecii…

A: HIV (Human immunodeficiency is a causative agent of sexually transmitted disease (STD) called AIDS…

Q: Which of the following substances is not produced by phagocytes todestroy engulfed microorganisms?a.…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of the organism to resist against infections or diseases by…

Q: The CD4+ T-cell is can directly kill pathogens O True False

A: Different kinds of cells are involved when it comes to immune response, the T and B lymphocytes,…

Q: Which are both mechanical barriers to the transmission of pathogens? skin and stomach acid O mucus…

A: Pathogens are the organisms that are capable of disrupting the normal physiological balance of an…

Q: During an infection, the immune system alerts the organ systems of the body by producing responsible…

A: For human survival, our immune system is critical. Our body would be vulnerable to germs, viruses,…

Q: Both bacteria and noninfectious inflammation can cause prostatiti O True O False

A: The prostate is a small walnut-sized gland that is present only in males. It is a part of the…

Q: List FOUR features of the acute and chronic responses to infection and name TWO cytokines involved…

A: Inflammation is a defense process carried out by the immune system in which the entry of the antigen…

Q: All of the following are associated with the skin except _____. a. blood vessels b. a low…

A: Skin is the largest organ of the body that covers the body to protect the body from germs. It acts…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.