Jacob A. Riis (1849–1914). How the Other Half Lives. 1890. | | X. Jewtown | | THE tenements grow taller, and the gaps in their ranks close up rapidly as we cross the Bowery and, leaving Chinatown and the Italians behind, invade the Hebrew quarter. Baxter Street, with its interminable rows of old clothes shops and its brigades of pullers-in—nicknamed “the Bay” in honor, perhaps, of the tars who lay to there after a cruise to stock up their togs, or maybe after the “schooners” of beer plentifully bespoke in that latitude—Bayard Street, with its synagogues and its crowds, gave us a foretaste of it. No need of asking here where we are. The jargon of the street the signs of the sidewalk, the manner and dress of the people, their unmistakable physiognomy, betray the race at every step. Men with queer skull-caps, venerable beard, and the outlandish long-skirted kaftan of the Russian Jew, elbow the ugliest and the handsomest women in the land. The contrast is startling. The old women are hags; the young, houris. Wives and mothers at sixteen, at thirty they are old. So thoroughly has the chosen people crowded out the Gentiles in the Tenth Ward that, when the great Jewish holidays come around every year, the public schools in the district have practically to close up. Of their thousands of pupils scarce a handful come to school. Nor is there any suspicion that the rest are playing hookey. They stay honestly home to celebrate. There is no mistaking it: we are in Jewtown. | 1 | It is said that nowhere in the world are so many people crowded together on a square mile as here. The average five-story tenement adds a story or two to its stature in Ludlow Street and an extra building on the rear lot, and yet the sign “To Let” is the rarest of all there. Here is one seven stories high. The sanitary policeman whose beat this is will tell you that it contains thirty-six families, but the term has a widely different meaning here and on the avenues. In this house, where a case of small-pox was reported, there were fifty-eight babies and thirty-eight children that were over five years of age. In Essex Street two small rooms in a six-story tenement were made to hold a “family” of father and mother, twelve children and six boarders. The boarder plays as important a part in the domestic economy of Jewtown as the lodger in the Mulberry Street Bend. These are samples of the packing of the population that has run up the record here to the rate of three hundred and thirty thousand per square mile. The densest crowding of Old London, I pointed out before, never got beyond a hundred and seventy-five thousand. Even the alley is crowded out. Through dark hallways and filthy cellars, crowded, as is every foot of the street, with dirty children, the settlements in the rear are reached. Thieves know how to find them when pursued by the police, and the tramps that sneak in on chilly nights to fight for the warm spot in the yard over some baker’s oven. They are out of place in this hive of busy industry, and they know it. It has nothing in common with them or with their philosophy of life, that the world owes the idler a living. Life here means the hardest kind of work almost from the cradle. The world as a debtor has no credit in Jewtown. Its promise to pay wouldn’t buy one of the old hats that are hawked about Hester Street, unless backed by security representing labor done at lowest market rates. But this army of workers must have bread. It is cheap and filling, and bakeries abound. Wherever they are in the tenements the tramp will skulk in, if he can. There is such a tramps’ roost in the rear of a tenement near the lower end of Ludlow Street, that is never without its tenants in winter. By a judicious practice of flopping over on the stone pavement at intervals and thus warming one side at a time, and with an empty box to put the feet in, it is possible to keep reasonably comfortable there even on a rainy night. In summer the yard is the only one in the neighborhood that does not do duty as a public dormitory. | 2 |  | | A TRAMP’S NEST IN LUDLOW STREET. | | Thrift is the watchword of Jewtown, as of its people the world over. It is at once its strength and its fatal weakness, its cardinal virtue and its foul disgrace. Become an over-mastering passion with these people who come here in droves from Eastern Europe to escape persecution, from which freedom could be bought only with gold, it has enslaved them in bondage worse than that from which they fled. Money is their God. Life itself is of little value compared with even the leanest bank account. In no other spot does life wear so intensely bald and materialistic an aspect as in Ludlow Street. Over and over again I have met with instances of these Polish or Russian Jews deliberately starving themselves to the point of physical exhaustion, while working night and day at a tremendous pressure to save a little money. An avenging Nemesis pursues this headlong hunt for wealth; there is no worse paid class anywhere. I once put the question to one of their own people, who, being a pawnbroker, and an unusually intelligent and charitable one, certainly enjoyed the advantage of a practical view of the situation: “Whence the many wretchedly poor people in such a colony of workers, where poverty, from a misfortune, has become a reproach, dreaded as the plague?” | 3 | “Immigration,” he said, “brings us a lot. In five years it has averaged twenty-five thousand a year, of which more that seventy per cent have stayed in New York. Half of them require and receive aid from the Hebrew Charities from the very start, lest they starve. That is one explanation. There is another class than the one that cannot get work: those who have had too much of it; who have worked and hoarded and lived, crowded together like pigs, on the scantiest fare and the worst to be got, bound to save whatever their earnings, until, worn out, they could work no longer. Then their hoards were soon exhausted. That is their story.” And I knew that what he said was true. | 4 | Penury and poverty are wedded everywhere to dirt and disease, and Jewtown is no exception. It could not well be otherwise in such crowds, considering especially their low intellectual status. The managers of the Eastern Dispensary, which is in the very heart of their district, told the whole story when they said: “The diseases these people suffer from are not due to intemperance or immorality, but to ignorance, want of suitable food, and the foul air in which they live and work.” 1 The homes of the Hebrew quarter are its workshops also. Reference will be made to the economic conditions under which they work in a succeeding chapter. Here we are concerned simply with the fact. You are made fully aware of it before you have travelled the length of a single block in any of these East Side streets, by the whir of a thousand sewing-machines, worked at high pressure from earliest dawn till mind and muscle give out together. Every member of the family, from the youngest to the oldest, bears a hand, shut in the qualmy rooms, where meals are cooked and clothing washed and dried besides, the livelong day. It is not unusual to find a dozen persons—men, women, and children—at work in a single small room. The fact accounts for the contrast that strikes with wonder the observer who comes across from the Bend. Over there the entire population seems possessed of an uncontrollable impulse to get out into the street; here all its energies appear to be bent upon keeping in and away from it. Not that the streets are deserted. The overflow from these tenements is enough to make a crowd anywhere. The children alone would do it. Not old enough to work and no room for play, that is their story. In the home the child’s place is usurped by the lodger, who performs the service of the Irishman’s pig—pays the rent. In the street the army of hucksters crowd him out. Typhus fever and small-pox are bred here, and help solve the question what to do with him. Filth diseases both, they sprout naturally among the hordes that bring the germs with them from across the sea, and whose first instinct is to hide their sick lest the authorities carry them off to the hospital to be slaughtered, as they firmly believe. The health officers are on constant and sharp lookout for hidden fever-nests. Considering that half of the ready-made clothes that are sold in the big stores, if not a good deal more than half, are made in these tenement rooms, this is not excessive caution. It has happened more than once that a child recovering from small-pox, and in the most contagious stage of the disease, has been found crawling among heaps of half-finished clothing that the next day would be offered for sale on the counter of a Broadway store; or that a typhus fever patient has been discovered in a room whence perhaps a hundred coats had been sent home that week, each one with the wearer’s death warrant, unseen and unsuspected, basted in the lining. | 5 | The health officers call the Tenth the typhus ward; in the office where deaths are registered it passes as the “suicide ward,” for reasons not hard to understand; and among the police as the “crooked ward,” on account of the number of “crooks,” petty thieves and their allies, the “fences,” receivers of stolen goods, who find the dense crowds congenial. The nearness of the Bowery, the great “thieves’ highway,” helps to keep up the supply of these, but Jewtown does not support its dives. Its troubles with the police are the characteristic crop of its intense business rivalries. Oppression, persecution, have not shorn the Jew of his native combativeness one whit. He is as ready to fight for his rights, or what he considers his rights, in a business transaction—synonymous generally with his advantage—as if he had not been robbed of them for eighteen hundred years. One strong impression survives with him from his days of bondage: the power of the law. On the slightest provocation he rushes off to invoke it for his protection. Doubtless the sensation is novel to him, and therefore pleasing. The police at the Eldridge Street station are in a constant turmoil over these everlasting fights. Somebody is always denouncing somebody else, and getting his enemy or himself locked up; frequently both, for the prisoner, when brought in, has generally as plausible a story to tell as his accuser, and as l ot a charge to make. The day closes on a wild conflict of rival interests. Another dawns with the prisoner in court, but no complainant. Over night the case has been settled on a business basis, and the police dismiss their prisoner in deep disgust. | 6 | These quarrels have sometimes a comic aspect. Thus, with the numerous dancing-schools that are scattered among the synagogues, often keeping them company in the same tenement. They are generally kept by some man who works in the daytime at tailoring, cigarmaking, or something else. The young people in Jewtown are inordinately fond of dancing, and after their day’s hard work will flock to these “schools” for a night’s recreation. But even to their fun they carry their business preferences, and it happens that a school adjourns in a body to make a general raid on the rival establishment across the street, without the ceremony of paying the admission fee. Then the dance breaks up in a general fight, in which, likely enough, someone is badly hurt. The police come in, as usual, and ring down the curtain. | 7 | |  | | A MARKET SCENE IN THE JEWISH CHARACTER. | | Bitter as are his private feuds, it is not until his religious life is invaded that a real inside view is obtained of this Jew, whom the history of Christian civilization has taught nothing but fear and hatred. There are two or three missions in the district conducting a hopeless propagandism for the Messiah whom the Tenth Ward rejects, and they attract occasional crowds, who come to hear the Christian preacher as the Jews of old gathered to hear the apostles expound the new doctrine. The result is often strikingly similar. “For once,” said a certain well-known minister of an uptown church to me, after such an experience, “I felt justified in comparing myself to Paul preaching salvation to the Jews. They kept still until I spoke of Jesus Christ as the Son of God. Then they got up and fell to arguing among themselves and to threatening me, until it looked as if they meant to take me out in IIester Street and stone me.” As at Jerusalem, the Chief Captain was happily at hand with his centurions, in the person of a sergeant and three policemen, and the preacher was rescued. So, in all matters pertaining to their religious life that tinges all their customs, they stand, these East Side Jews, where the new day that dawned on Calvary left them standing, stubbornly refusing to see the light. A visit to a Jewish house of mourning is like bridging the gap of two thousand years. The inexpressibly sad and sorrowful wail for the dead, as it swells and rises in the hush of all sounds of life, comes back from the ages like a mournful echo of the voice of Rachel “weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are not.” | 8 | Attached to many of the synagogues, which among the poorest Jews frequently consist of a scantily furnished room in a rear tenement, with a few wooden stools or benches for the congregation, are Talmudic schools that absorb a share of the growing youth. The school-master is not rarely a man of some attainments who has been stranded there, his native instinct for money-making having been smothered in the process that has made of him a learned man. It was of such a school in Eldridge Street that the wicked Isaac Iacob, who killed his enemy, his wife, and himself in one day, was janitor. But the majority of the children seek the public schools, where they are received sometimes with some misgivings on the part of the teachers, who find it necessary to inculcate lessons of cleanliness in the worst cases by practical demonstration with wash-bowl and soap. “He took hold of the soap as if it were some animal,” said one of these teachers to me after such an experiment upon a new pupil, “and wiped three fingers across his face. He called that washing.” In the Allen Street public school the experienced principal has embodied among the elementary lessons, to keep constantly before the children the duty that clearly lies next to their hands, a characteristic exercise. The question is asked daily from the teacher’s desk: “What must I do to be healthy?” and the whole school responds: | “I must keep my skin clean, | Wear clean clothes, | Breathe pure air, | And live in the sunlight.” | | | 9 | It seems little less than biting sarcasm to hear them say it, for to not a few of them all these things are known only by name. In their everyday life there is nothing even to suggest any of them. Only the demand of religious custom has power to make their parents clean up at stated intervals, and the young naturally are no better. As scholars, the children of the most ignorant Polish Jew keep fairly abreast of their more favored playmates, until it comes to mental arithmetic, when they leave them behind with a bound. It is surprising to see how strong the instinct of dollars and cents is in them. They can count, and correctly, almost before they can talk. | 10 | Within a few years the police captured on the East Side a band of firebugs who made a business of setting fire to tenements for the insurance on their furniture. There has, unfortunately, been some evidence in the past year that another such conspiracy is on foot. The danger to which these fiends expose their fellow-tenants is appalling. A fire-panic at night in a tenement, by no means among the rare experiences in New York, with the surging, half-smothered crowds on stairs and fire-escapes, the frantic mothers and crying children, the wild struggle to save the little that is their all, is a horror that has few parallels in human experience. | 11 | I cannot think without a shudder of one such scene in a First Avenue tenement. It was in the middle of the night. The fire had swept up with sudden fury from a restaurant on the street floor, cutting off escape. Men and women threw themselves from the windows, or were carried down senseless by the firemen. Thirteen half-clad, apparently lifeless bodies were laid on the floor of an adjoining coal-office, and the ambulance surgeons worked over them with sleeves rolled up to the elbows. A half-grown girl with a baby in her arms walked about among the dead and dying with a stunned, vacant look, singing in a low, scared voice to the child. One of the doctors took her arm to lead her out, and patted the cheek of the baby soothingly. It was cold. The baby had been smothered with its father and mother; but the girl, her sister, did not know it. Her reason had fled. | 12 | Thursday night and Friday morning are bargain days in the “Pig-market.” Then is the time to study the ways of this peculiar people to the best advantage. A common pulse beats in the quarters of the Polish Jews and in the Mulberry Bend, though they have little else in common. Life over yonder in fine weather is a perpetual holiday, here a veritable tread-mill of industry. Friday brings out all the latent color and picturesqueness of the Italians, as of these Semites. The crowds and the common poverty are the bonds of sympathy between them. The Pig-market is in Hester Street, extending either way from Ludlow Street, and up and down the side streets two or three blocks, as the state of trade demands. The name was given to it probably in derision, for pork is the one ware that is not on sale in the Pig-market. There is scarcely anything else that can be hawked from a wagon that is not to be found, and at ridiculously low prices. Bandannas and tin cups at two cents, peaches at a cent a quart, “damaged” eggs for a song, hats for a quarter, and spectacles, warranted to suit the eye, at the optician’s who has opened shop on a Hester Street door-step, for thirty five cents; frowsy-looking chickens and half-plucked geese, hung by the neck and protesting with wildly strutting feet even in death against the outrage, are the great staple of the market. Half or a quarter of a chicken can be bought here by those who cannot afford a whole. It took more than ten years of persistent effort on the part of the sanitary authorities to drive the trade in live fowl from the streets to the fowl-market on Gouverneur Slip, where the killing is now done according to Jewish rite by priests detailed for the purpose by the chief rabbi. Since then they have had a characteristic rumpus, that involved the entire Jewish community, over the fees for killing and the mode of collecting them. Here is a woman churning horse-radish on a machine she has chained and padlocked to a tree on the sidewalk, lest someone steal it. Beside her a butcher’s stand with cuts at prices the avenues never dreamed of. Old coats are hawked for fifty cents, “as good as new,” and “pants”—there are no trousers in Jewtown, only pants—at anything that can be got. There is a knot of half a dozen “pants” pedlars in the middle of the street, twice as many men of their own race fingering their wares and plucking at the seams with the anxious scrutiny of would-be buyers, though none of them has the least idea of investing in a pair. Yes, stop! This baker, fresh from his trough, bare-headed and with bare arms, has made an offer: for this pair thirty cents; a dollar and forty was the price asked. The pedlar shrugs his shoulders, and turns up his hands with a half pitying, wholly indignant air. What does the baker take him for? Such pants—. The baker has turned to go. With a jump like a panther’s, the man with the pants has him by the sleeve. Will he give eighty cents? Sixty? Fifty? So help him, they are dirt cheap at that. Lose, will he, on the trade, lose all the profit of his day’s pedling. The baker goes on unmoved. Forty then? What, not forty? Take them then for thirty, and wreck the life of a poor man. And the baker takes them and goes, well knowing that at least twenty cents of the thirty, two hundred per cent., were clear profit, if indeed the “pants” cost the pedlar anything. | 13 |  | | THE OLD CLO’E’S MAN—IN THE JEWISH QUARTERS. | | The suspender pedlar is the mystery of the Pig-market, omnipresent and unfathomable. He is met at every step with his wares dangling over his shoulder, down his back, and in front. Millions of suspenders thus perambulate Jewtown all day on a sort of dress parade. Why suspenders, is the puzzle, and where do they all go to? The “pants” of Jewtown hang down with a common accord, as if they had never known the support of suspenders. It appears to be as characteristic a trait of the race as the long beard and the Sabbath silk hat of ancient pedigree. I have asked again and again. No one has ever been able to tell me what becomes of the suspenders of Jewtown. Perhaps they are hung up as bric-à-brac in its homes, or laid away and saved up as the equivalent of cash. I cannot tell. I only know that more suspenders are hawked about the Pig-market every day than would supply the whole of New York for a year, were they all bought and turned to use. | 14 | The crowds that jostle each other at the wagons and about the sidewalk shops, where a gutter plank on two ash-barrels does duty for a counter! Pushing, struggling, babbling, and shouting in foreign tongues, a veritable Babel of confusion. An English word falls upon the ear almost with a sense of shock, as something unexpected and strange. In the midst of it all there is a sudden wild scattering, a hustling of things from the street into dark cellars, into back-yards and by-ways, a slamming and locking of doors hidden under the improvised shelves and counters. The health officers’ cart is coming down the street, preceded and followed by stalwart policemen, who shovel up with scant ceremony the eatables—musty bread, decayed fish and stale vegetables—indifferent to the curses that are showered on them from stoops and windows, and carry them off to the dump. In the wake of the wagon, as it makes its way to the East River after the raid, follow a line of despoiled hucksters shouting defiance from a safe distance. Their clamor dies away with the noise of the market. The endless panorama of the tenements, rows upon rows, between stony streets, stretches to the north, to the south, and to the west as far as the eye reaches. | 15 |
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- Impact Of Globalization On Culture, Social Structure, And Women 's Rights
- Childhood Onset Schizophrenia And Its Effects
- Robotics Is An Sophisticated Type Of Technology
- The Treaty Of The Cold War
- Evolution Of The Human Genome Project
- Video Games And Its Effect On Society
- Mary Prince 's A Vindication Of The Rights Of Women : Slaves As Human Beings Or Animals?
- The Invention Of Hand Made Products
- Summary Of ' The Dream Act '
- The Concert Is On The Same Friday Night As Lewis ' Criminal Trial
- Indigenous Australia 's Criminal Justice System
- The Romantic Period Of William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, And Mary Shelley
- Notes On Childhood And Background
- Is Liberal Internationalism Utopian, Or Does It Offer A Credible Alternative?
- Transformational Leadership And The Quality Of Lateral Communication Within Healthcare
- The Bet By Anton Chekhov
- Classical Ideals : Ancient Athens
- Summary Of ' The Jataka Tales '
- Racial Tension Between Black And White Americans
- Sweatshop Exploitation And Responsibility Of Sweatshops
- The Political Context Of Sociology
- The Death Penalty And The Justice System Of America
- Skinner 's View On Psychology And The Contrasting Views Of The Mentalists
- Analysis Of The Poem ' Being A Chink ' By Christine Leong
- The Sacramento Municipal Utility District
- Sexual And Gender Discrimination By Sheryl Kara Sandberg
- Charles Darwin 's Theory Of Biblical Creation
- The Importance Of A Nurse And A Healthcare Assistant
- The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain
- Symptoms And Symptoms Of Ebola
- William Shakespeare 's Sonnet 30
- Deviance And Its Effect On Society
- The Nurses ' Decision And The Factors That Go Into Ambulating Older Clients During Hospitalization
- Underestimated Due With An Inadequate Surveillance System
- The Civil War Changed Women 's Roles
- A Brief Note On The Chesapeake Bay Watershed
- Gender And Gender, Hormones, And Physiology
- Biological Theories Of Criminal Behavior
- John Steinbeck 's Of Mice And Men
- Annotated Bibliography : Ten Roles For Teachers Leaders
- Literacy Rate For Both Female And Male Sits At 99 Per Cent
- Technology 's Impact On Society
- Renewable Energy : The United States Gas
- Evolution Of The Fossil Record
- Documentation Of An Accurate Medical Record
- Analysis Of The Poem ' Peanut Butter Sandwich '
- Benefits Of Physical Activities For Children
- The Financial Crisis Of The Banking Sector With Greed, Corruption, And Deceit
- General Description Of Eisenmengers Syndrome
- The Theory Of Motivation And Motivation
- Erik Erikson 's Explanation Of Psychosocial Development
- Symptoms And Symptoms Of Migraines
- Development And Overall Wellbeing For The People Of Bangladesh
- Real Estate And Social Media
- Critique Of Le Corbusier 's Proposition For The City Of Tomorrow
- The Ancient Puzzle
- Health And Safety At Work Act
- The Impact On Medication Safety And Quality Of Patient Care
- Genetic Testing : Acceptable For The Safety Of Our Offspring
- Selective Non Treatment Of Handicapped Children
- The Report On The Uss Guardian Ran
- Symptoms And Symptoms Of Panic Disorder
- Immigration And Immigration Of Australia
- Racism Is The Belief That One Race Is Superior Or Holds Dominance Over Another Because
- Overpopulation Is Not The Issue
- Analysis Of The Article ' The Ground On Which I Stand '
- Genetic Modification : Genetically Modified Organisms
- The Between Westminster And Brussels
- Summary : ' The Rose Bush '
- Plato 's Philosophy And Philosophy
- Peru 's Indian Peoples And The Challenge Of Spanish Conquest
- Social Class Within The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Transformation Of Recombinant Egfp / Coli And Analysis With Biotechnology And Bioinformatics Tools
- Pneumoni A Serious Infectious Disease
- Family Is A Word With Diverse Meaning
- Thomas Jefferson And Emancipation Reform
- Louis Pasteur : The Scientific Field Of Biology
- Questions On Pascal 's Wager
- The Selfish Giant By Albert Einstein
- Rough Draft For Better Or For Worse
- A Case Note On Donachie V Cc Of Greater Manchester Police
- Sigmund Freud : A Non Reductive Materialist
- Aristotle 's Work On Ethics
- Ebola Epidemic : A Deadly Disease Caused By Five Different Strains Of The Ebola Virus
- The Epidemic Of The Aids Epidemic
- Hardness Of Hardness And Hardness Testing
- The Act Of Gift Giving
- Analysis Of The Book 12 Years A Slave By Solomon Northup
- Analysis Of Katya 's ' Puffed Rice And Meatballs '
- Unity Is The Mantra Of The Church Today
- The Olympic Games Of The Games
- Open Economy And Its Effects On Foreign Countries
- The Lottery By Shirley Jackson
- Benefits And Side Effects Of Lithium
- Obesity : Obesity And Obesity
- Dancing At Lughnasa- Dance Scene
- Competition in Energy Drinks
- Sexual Activity And Sexual Behavior
- Revenue Recognition
- South Carolina Should Reduce Crime Rates
- * Denis Waitley Once Said That bTime Is An Equal Opportunity
- Russi A Tier 3 Source, Transit, And Destination Country
- Prostitution, As Stated By The Oxford English Dictionary,
- Types Of Hackers And Cloud Computing
- Research, Statistics, and Psychology Paper
- The Walking Dead By Robert Kirkman
- Torn Between The Beliefs Of The Southern And Northern States
- Analysis Of The Story ' Cathedral ' By Raymond Carver
- My Personal Statement On My Family
- I Am Grateful For A Postsecondary Education
- Corporate Governance Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002
- Selective Oxidation Of 2 Naphthol
- Penanda Aras Pendidikan Rendah Di Malaysia
- Aristotle 's Poetics And The Order Of The Phoenix
- The Politics Of The United States
- Coercive Acts and Quebec Act
- Theoretical Frameworks Of Sociology And Sociological Perspective
- Non Discrimination Policies Of The Home Depot Company
- America 's Legal Drinking Age
- Patrick Roy : National Hockey League
- Animals Have Been Used For Animal Therapy From Early As
- Morgan Hamill. Educ 2120. Dalton State College. March 23,
- Who Is The Wife Of The SchoolbS Headmaster. These Acts
- basketball is life
- The Eradication Of Cancer And Cancer
- Urban Density And Urban Space
- Not Waving but Drowning
- Art Therapy Is A Mental Health Profession
- Drug Overview: Category, Description, And Method Of Action.
- Identifying Inorganic Compounds Using Qualitative And Chemical Tests
- Sexual Identity And Gender Expression
- Our Group Surveyed Homeless Individuals To Find Out What
- Business Is Developing For Competitive Advantage
- Risk Management At Rio Olympics 2016
- Cloud Computing Architecture : Technology Architecture
- The Effects Of Social Support On Chronic Disease
- Resistance Of Change And Change Management
- Informative Speech
- The Structure Of New Zealand Society
- Analysis Of The Poem ' The Wanderer '
- Tribal Relations Between The United States
- Job Satisfaction Quotient And Reward Systems
- Mao Zedong : The Rise Of Communism
- Tombs Of Maine Case Study
- Forensic Science And The Criminal Investigation
- Proper Road Safety Policy : An Essential Elements Of A Well Balanced Overall Transport And Public Health Policy
- Presentation And Discussion Of ' Data '
- Ethics And Competency Standards Governing Practice
- Living Issues Movie Review bAliveb
- Personal Information / Reason For Referral
- The Principles Of Blue Ocean Strategy
- The Health Care Industry Of A Hospice Facility
- Determining The Cost Per Hour Difference Between A Minimum Wage
- Beauty Pageants
- The Diversity Of The Natural Ecosystem
- The Critical Leadership Problem
- Raising Achievement of Ethnic Minority Children
- Descriptive Essay : ' Calgon, Take Me Away ! '
- My Experience With The Visual Arts
- Comparitive Religion : Hinduism and Christianity
- Pressure And Shame : Is Not A Necessary Step Towards Learning?
- Education Has A Huge Impact On Employment Rate
- How Is Gender Represented in Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove
- The Performance Of Sprinklers For Tunnel Protection
- Adjectives
- Analysis Of Americo Paredes ' Georege Washington Gomez
- The Effects Of Child Exposure On Domestic Violence
- Our Time On Earth Is Limited
- Ethical Dilemma And Ethical Dilemmas
- Global Leadership And Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Project
- The 's Healthcare Career Has Spanned More Than 30 Years
- What Are The Causes Of Child Obesity?
- The Importance Of A Patient Physician Communication
- Should College Athletes Be Paid?
- The War Of Rebellion And The Civil War
- Violence And The Inner City Code
- The Roaring Twenties And The Jazz Age
- Branding, The Bond Of Relationship And Faith Between The Company And The Consumer
- For Descartes And More One Common Dominator Between The
- The French Revolution And French Revolutions
- Roman Gods Were Known For Their Outrageous Behavior
- After studying the sonnet of Shakespeare, I think if the emotion between two men is only called
- Hybrid Energy Systems ( Hres )
- The Melting Of An Ice Age
- The Morality Of Capital Punishment
- Complete Assessment Of Barbara Ehrenreich Journey
- Eleanor Roosevelt Was A Remarkable First Lady Who Forever
- Differences Between Vietnamese And Chinese Culture
- Sir Isaac Newton And The Scientific Revolution
- Rousseau And Jefferson : A Great Influence On The Revolution
- Analysis Of ' The Mistress Of The Sky '
- A Priest Of The Family
- The Great Depression Of The Brave New World
- Prison Reports And Its Effects On The Prisoners Within The Prison
- Traditional Education And Online Education
- Analysis Of The Article ' Mixed Blood ' By Jeffrey Fish
- Social Media And Its Impact On Society
- My Concept Of Accounting Profession
- Nordstrom 's A Fashion Bazaar
- Business Opportunities At The United States Of America
- Tuberculosis Is A Disease Caused By Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin
- Economic Analysis : Supply And Demand
- Bullying And Bullying At School
- Crime Is A Major Problem
- The At The Atlantic Eyrie Lodge
- My Strengths And Weaknesses As A Leader
- Niccolo Machiavelli 's The Prince Of Princes During The Florentine Republic
- The Water Crisis And Sanitation Facilities
- A Learning Experience For The Child And The Parents
- Ikea Strategy in Egypt
- Climate Change And Behaviourally Modern Humans
- Corporate Communication. Employee Communication (In-Depth
- My Family, Friendship, Happiness, And Self Acceptance
- History
- Biogas is a clean environment friendly fuel. Raw biogas contains about 55b65% methane (CH4), 30b45%
- Sociology, Reflection
- Person centred therapy
- The Effect Of Thermal Comfort On Human Comfort
- William Shakespeare 's Romeo And Juliet
- An Enhanced Graphical Password Scheme Using Aonv
- Police Have Murdered A Total Of 942 Civilians
- The Code Of Ethics And Its Ethical Standards
- President Abraham Lincoln Defined Democracy
- Branding And Marketing Of Mdl For The Twin Cities Market
- The American Revolution
- Unemployment Of The United States
- Sports Science And Anti Doping
- Is The American Dream A False Reality?
- Humanitarian Intervention with Respect to R2P
- Solar Energy : A Cleaner Tomorrow
- Macro-Environmental
- Sephora Is A Cosmetic Boutique Chain Founded By Dominique Mandonnaud
- The 's Contract On Christmas Island
- `` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway
- Genocide of the Jewish Race: An Unthinkable Act
- A Article On Periodontal Disease And General Health
- The National Assessment Of Educational Progress
- Analysis Of Brent Cross Shopping Centre
- Social Inequality Is A Persistent Issue That Affects The
- Soren Kierkegarad: 3 Stages of Life Ways
- Grace Roux. Mrs. Dalrymple. English 10. 23 January 2017
- Pericles : The Age Of Pericles
- The Woman Of A Tradesman
- Chipotle : The Backbone Of Any Good Company
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