Explanation/justification for the correct answer :

Option (D.) synthetic modification of natural products. Natural products are modified synthetically to get various antibiotics and vaccines . For example, the COVID-19 virus was altered synthetically to produce Covaxin which was used as a vaccine in India. Most modern medicines are made in this way. So, the correct answer is option (D.).

Explanation for incorrect answer :

Option (A.) natural products derived from plants. Herbal medicines are produced from natural products derived directly from plants, for example, tulsi, neem, and ashwagandha. Not much of modern medicines are herbal. So, this is an incorrect option.

Option (B.) natural products derived from minerals. Mineral supplements and multivitamins give those substances to the human body that it does not get through the diet. They are also used as a treatment measure for vitamin or mineral deficiencies caused by pregnancy, poor nutrition, digestive disorders, illnesses, specific medications, and other conditions, but most modern medicines are not made of them. So, it is an incorrect option.

Option (C.) synthetic products manufactured in laboratories. Some medicines come from initial materials that are not found in nature or are not derived from natural sources. Instead, they are synthesized by humans from smaller chemical building blocks in laboratories through intense research work, but most medicines are not made by this process. So, it is an incorrect option.