Chapter 3 Handout
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University of Alabama *
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Feb 20, 2024
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AC 210 – Chapter 3
The Income Statement
A.
Understand the Business 1.
Operating Activities
- Day-to-day functions involved in running a business, such as
a.
Buying goods and services from suppliers and employees.
b.
Paying cash to suppliers and employees.
c.
Selling goods and services to customers.
d.
Collecting cash from customers.
2.
Makes up the primary source of revenues and expenses. Can determine if core operations are profitable.
a.
Operating Cycle
- The period from buying goods and services through to collecting cash from customers. 1.
The length of the cycle varies from company to company.
B.
Income Statement 1.
Equation:
_Revenue – Expense = Net Income
a.
Revenue
is recorded when the
company fulfills its promise to
transfer control of a good or service
to a customer, regardless of when the
customer pays the company. 1.
What did the company “earn”
this month? b.
Expense
are recorded when the
company uses up its resources to
generate revenues during the period,
regardless of when the company
pays for the resources,
1.
What did the company
“use or incur” this month?
c.
Net Income
indicates the profitability of company operations. 1.
Stockholders’ equity increases by the amount of Net income 2.
Net Income is a total and not an account
2.
Time-Period Assumption
- dividing the company’s long life into shorter chunks such as months, quarters, and years. C.
Cash Basis Accounting Vs. Accrual Basis Accounting
1.
Cash Basis Accounting – records revenues when cash is received and expenses when cash is paid.
a.
Cash, Common Stock, and Retained Earnings are the only accounts on the Balance Sheet. All other cash inflows are treated as Revenue, and cash outflows are Expenses. b.
Not likely to correspond to the business activities that occur during a given period.
c.
Leads to a distorted view of the company’s financial performance
2.
Accrual Basis Accounting – records revenues when earned and expenses when incurred, regardless of the timing of cash receipts or payments.
a.
More accurately measures the profits arising from the company’s activities.
b.
Only acceptable method for external reporting of income.
Example: Jen operates a housecleaning business. On Wednesday, May 25
th
, Jen sends one of her employees
to clean the Jones’ house. Jen emails an invoice of $100 to the Jones family to be paid in 7 days. Friday, May 27
th
, Jen pays her employee $60 for the time spent cleaning the Jones’ house. The Jones Family pays their open invoice on the due date, June 1
st
.
Prepare the following using cash-basis vs. accrual-basis accounting based on the scenario above.
What is the main difference? Timing of Revenue or Expense recognition D.
The Expanded Accounting Equation
1.
The Accounting Equation: _Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity___________________
a.
Stockholders’ equity includes two accounts:
Common Stock
and Retained Earnings 2.
Revenues and expenses eventually flow into RE through Net Income,
as seen on the Statement of Retained Earnings. a.
Revenue and expense journal entries are NOT recorded to retained earnings.
b.
When recording Revenues and expenses are recorded using debits in credits based upon how stockholders’ equity accounts are affected: 1.
More Revenue, More Net Income, More Retained Earnings - Credit
2.
More Expenses, Less Net Income, Less Retained Earnings - Debit
Cash Basis
May
(No cash received, but cash paid)
June
(No cash paid, but cash is received)
Revenues
0
Revenues
100
Expenses
(60)
Expenses
0
Net Income (Loss)
(60)
Net Income (Loss)
100
Accrual Basis
May
(Revenue earned and expenses incurred)
June
(No Revenue or Expense)
Revenues
100
Revenues
0
Expenses
(60)
Expenses
0
Net Income (Loss)
40
Net Income (Loss)
0
E.
Revenue Recognition Principle
1.
Recognize revenue in the time period in which it is Earn. When? How Much?
2.
5 Steps:
1. Identify the contract between the seller and the customer
2. Identify the seller’s performance obligations
3.
Determine the transaction price
4. Allocate
the transaction price to the performance obligations
5.
Recognize
revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied
3.
Because revenues are based on the work done, not the cash received, three possible cases exist:
1.
Cash before Revenue is earned
2.
Cash at the time Revenue is earned
3.
Cash received after revenue is earned
Analyzing and Recording Journal Entries for September Transactions.
1.
In September, MoKicks sold shoes for $3,000 online to customers; customers paid online, and payments were deposited immediately into MoKicks’s account.
Analyze
Trans.
Assets
=
Liabilities
+
SE
Account Name
Amount
Account Name
Amount
Account Name
Amount
1.
Cash
+3,000
Sales Revenue +3,000
Record
Trans
Account
Debit
Credit
1.
Cash (A+)
3,000
Sales Revenue (R, +SE)
3,000
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Related Questions
which statement is true about the operating cycle
a.
the time needed from acquiring inventory from suppliers into collect cash from customers
b.
as longer cycle as better into the firm
c.
the time needed from acquiring inventory from suppliers into collect cash from customers and pay suppliers
d.
the time needed from acquiring inventory from suppliers into sell inventory into customers
arrow_forward
Solve all questions
Economic enterprises, each for profit and noncommercial, generate revenues through business processes that represent their revenue cycle. In its simplest kind, the revenue cycle is that the direct exchange of finished merchandise or services for take advantage one dealing between a trafficker and a customer.
a. Distinguish between a packing slip, a shipping notice and a bill of shipment.
b. All the businesses should have separate department for storage and shipping for his or her business operation. Discuss.
c. Discuss however the character of the mandatory control options is laid low with shift from a manual system to an oversized scale laptop based mostly method of accounting.
arrow_forward
Revenue Cycle is:Select one:a. None of the aboveb. A recurring set of business activities and related to the process starting from finalizing product design and finishing off at cost accounting.c. A recurring set of business activities and related data processing operations associated with the purchase of and payment for goods and services.d. A recurring set of business activities and related information processing operations associated with providing goods and services to customers and collecting cash in payment for those sales.
arrow_forward
Subject accouting information system please solve all questions
arrow_forward
Which of the following is an agent in a purchases and payments structure model?
Question 6Answer
a.
Cash disbursement
b.
Inventory
c.
Employee labour
d.
Supplier
e.
Receipt of goods
arrow_forward
Classify which area in the organization these functions belong:
Finance, Accounting, Marketing, Production
Quality Control
Sales Order Entry
Credit Evaluation
Cash Disbursement
Promotion
Maintenance
Manufacturing
Billing
General Ledger
Cash Receipts
arrow_forward
The operating cycle is best described as the time between
a.the formation of the company and the start of operations.
b.production and sale of inventory.
c.the sale of inventory and collection of receivables.
d.purchase of goods for resale and collection of cash from customers.
arrow_forward
What accounting activities make a merchandising business differ from a service business?
A. owner's capital and drawing account
B. purchasing of supplies and insurance
C. purchasing and selling of products
Alh
Fh
Ah
arrow_forward
33-Selling expense of business are related to
a.
Managing the business
b.
Expansion of business
c.
Marketing and promotion of the product
d.
Decrease the purchase cost of business
arrow_forward
An area of information that shows a company's ability to manage its assets, such as inventory and accounts receivable.
Select one:
O a. Solvency
b. Liquidity
c. Profitability
d. Operations Management
O
arrow_forward
The accounting and finance department performs processes such as creating financial statements, paying accounts payables, and collecting accounts receivables. What form of processes do these represent? Customer-facing processes Business-facing processes Industry-specific customer-facing processes All of these
arrow_forward
Who is responsible for credit and collection in a company?
Question 10 options:
the bookkeeper
the controller
the accountant
the treasurer
arrow_forward
Activity 1. True or False. Write "TRUE" if the
statement is correct and "FALSE" if the statement is
incorrect.
1. The cost of sales method presents
expenses in the income statement according to its
nature.
2. The main source of revenue in a
merchandising business is sales.
3. Selling expenses are expenses
necessary in the management of the office.
4. Merchandise inventory beginning
plus net cost of purchases is cost of goods sold.
5. Sales less cost of goods sold is
gross profit.
6. The multi-step income statement is
used only in a service concern business.
7. The income statement shows the
result of operating as well as the financial standing
of a company as to a given date.
8. Other expenses are expenses
directly related to the sale of merchandise.
9. Goods available for sale less
merchandise inventory beginning is cost of goods
sold.
10.In preparing the income statement
1/3
of a company, management may choose between
the single-step income statement or multiple-step
income statement…
arrow_forward
Activity 1. Classify Me
Instruction: Identify each element or account title if it can be found on a service or
merchandising business. Complete the table by putting a (v) check mark or (X) cross
mark in the corresponding columns.
ACCOUNTS
SERVICE
MERCHANDISING
BUSINESS
BUSINESS
Ex. Professional Fees
Sales
Consulting Revenue
Purchases
Cost of Sales
Inventory Beginning
Referral Revenue
Freight-In
Purchase Returns and
Allowances
Advertising Revenue
Purchase Discount
Freight-out
Unearned Revenue
Utilities Expense
Depreciation Expense
Allowance for Bad debts
Sales discount
Supplies
Sales Returns and allowances
Advances to suppliers
Advertising Expense
arrow_forward
_______________________________ is generally referred as a parameter to check/test the efficiency of the business concern.
Select one:
A.
Assets
B.
Liabilities
C.
Profit
D.
Capital
arrow_forward
Please answer attached question
thanks
arrow_forward
The sales journal records the daily transactions of a business pertaining to:
O a. Sales transactions done on the cash basis
O b. Sales transactions both done on cash and credit bases
O c. Only sales transactions done on credit basis
O d. Sales transactions related to non-current assets
arrow_forward
11-Which of the following is an example of Expense of a Merchandise Business?
a.
Accounts receivable
b.
Accounts payable
c.
Cash at Bank Muscat
d.
Salary and Wages paid by the business
arrow_forward
QUESTION 8
On the income statement, interest revenue is found in
operating revenues and expenses.
other revenues or expenses.
the disposal of a business segment section.
the cost of goods sold section.
arrow_forward
4. The operating cycle is typically defined as the time it requires to convert
a. cash to inventory to receivablesb. raw materials to finished goodsc. finished goods to receivables to cashd. cash to inventory to receivables to cash
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
Accounting
ISBN:9781337690881
Author:Jay Rich, Jeff Jones
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Accounting Volume 2
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ISBN:9781947172609
Author:OpenStax
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Related Questions
- which statement is true about the operating cycle a. the time needed from acquiring inventory from suppliers into collect cash from customers b. as longer cycle as better into the firm c. the time needed from acquiring inventory from suppliers into collect cash from customers and pay suppliers d. the time needed from acquiring inventory from suppliers into sell inventory into customersarrow_forwardSolve all questions Economic enterprises, each for profit and noncommercial, generate revenues through business processes that represent their revenue cycle. In its simplest kind, the revenue cycle is that the direct exchange of finished merchandise or services for take advantage one dealing between a trafficker and a customer. a. Distinguish between a packing slip, a shipping notice and a bill of shipment. b. All the businesses should have separate department for storage and shipping for his or her business operation. Discuss. c. Discuss however the character of the mandatory control options is laid low with shift from a manual system to an oversized scale laptop based mostly method of accounting.arrow_forwardRevenue Cycle is:Select one:a. None of the aboveb. A recurring set of business activities and related to the process starting from finalizing product design and finishing off at cost accounting.c. A recurring set of business activities and related data processing operations associated with the purchase of and payment for goods and services.d. A recurring set of business activities and related information processing operations associated with providing goods and services to customers and collecting cash in payment for those sales.arrow_forward
- Subject accouting information system please solve all questionsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an agent in a purchases and payments structure model? Question 6Answer a. Cash disbursement b. Inventory c. Employee labour d. Supplier e. Receipt of goodsarrow_forwardClassify which area in the organization these functions belong: Finance, Accounting, Marketing, Production Quality Control Sales Order Entry Credit Evaluation Cash Disbursement Promotion Maintenance Manufacturing Billing General Ledger Cash Receiptsarrow_forward
- The operating cycle is best described as the time between a.the formation of the company and the start of operations. b.production and sale of inventory. c.the sale of inventory and collection of receivables. d.purchase of goods for resale and collection of cash from customers.arrow_forwardWhat accounting activities make a merchandising business differ from a service business? A. owner's capital and drawing account B. purchasing of supplies and insurance C. purchasing and selling of products Alh Fh Aharrow_forward33-Selling expense of business are related to a. Managing the business b. Expansion of business c. Marketing and promotion of the product d. Decrease the purchase cost of businessarrow_forward
- An area of information that shows a company's ability to manage its assets, such as inventory and accounts receivable. Select one: O a. Solvency b. Liquidity c. Profitability d. Operations Management Oarrow_forwardThe accounting and finance department performs processes such as creating financial statements, paying accounts payables, and collecting accounts receivables. What form of processes do these represent? Customer-facing processes Business-facing processes Industry-specific customer-facing processes All of thesearrow_forwardWho is responsible for credit and collection in a company? Question 10 options: the bookkeeper the controller the accountant the treasurerarrow_forward
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SEE MORE QUESTIONS
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Cornerstones of Financial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337690881Author:Jay Rich, Jeff JonesPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Accounting Volume 2AccountingISBN:9781947172609Author:OpenStaxPublisher:OpenStax College
Cornerstones of Financial Accounting
Accounting
ISBN:9781337690881
Author:Jay Rich, Jeff Jones
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Accounting Volume 2
Accounting
ISBN:9781947172609
Author:OpenStax
Publisher:OpenStax College