Research Assignment #1
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Houston Community College *
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Accounting
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Feb 20, 2024
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Uploaded by HighnessWillpower15694
DATE: October 1, 2023
SUBJECT: Fund Accounting
The Texas Education Agency (TEA) has created several accounting guides for public schools to follow. These are referred to as the Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR) and Financial Accountability System Resource Guide (FASRG) guidelines; they can be found on the TEA website for easy access. According to the FASRG all public schools should follow the generally accepted accounting principles along with operating their accounting on a fund basis (“Financial Accounting and Reporting Appendices”). Fund accounting standards are set by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). In the general ledger, accounts are set up by fund separately and they are self-balancing, (James, 1).
Fund Accounting within Public Schools
Public Schools are both Independent Schools Districts and Public Charter Schools. Their accounting structure is dictated by TEA and requires an annual financial audit. With these fund accounting structures for public schools there are several different fund codes that are created either by the state or federal government, with a few available for local discretion (“Financial Accounting and Reporting Appendices”). The account code structure are twenty digits long, broken out into the below format:
●
Fund XXX
●
Function XX
●
Object XXXX
●
Local Option Code 1 & 2 XX
●
Organization XXX
●
Fiscal Year X
●
Program Intent Code XX
●
Local Option Code 3 XX
●
Local Option Codes 4 & 5 XX
How the Accounting Structure Works in Fund Accounting
All local option codes can be district specific to help define and sort the general ledger. All other account codes are mandatory codes and must follow the rules and regulations set forth by TEA and GASB. Since fund accounting is self-balancing; assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenditures are all booked in their own specific funds that relate to their specific fund that all relates to a specific purpose. It is very important to have an in-depth knowledge of the account code structure set forth by TEA in order to stay within the rules and regulations. Also, it is very important to have an understanding of fund accounting, how these self-balancing accounts function.
References
“Basic Financial Statements- and Management’s Discussion and Analysis-for State and Local
Governments.” www.gasb.org
, NO. 171-A, June 1999, www.gasb.org. Accessed 2 Oct.
2023.
“Financial Accounting and Reporting Appendices.” www.tea.texas.gov
, Financial Accountability
System Resource Guide, Update 18, Texas Education Agency, 2022, www.tea.texas.gov. Accessed 2 Oct. 2023.
James, Robert M. “Three Major Concepts in Governmental Accounting Theory.” Accounting
Review, vol. 25, no. 3, July 1950, p. 307. EBSCOhost,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=7065635&site=eds-
ive&scope=site.
“Module 1: Financial Accounting and Reporting.” www.tea.texas.gov
, Financial Accountability System Resource Guide, Update 18, Texas Education Agency, 2022, www.tea.texas.gov. Accessed 2 Oct. 2023.
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