BIO2350L_01_Matta

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California State University, Northridge *

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Aerospace Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA Lab 9: Spirometry Learning Outcomes By completion of this lab students will be able to: 1. Calculate the predicted vital capacity of a subject's lungs. 2. Calculate percent error of a calibration. 3. Use spirometry to measure the volumes and capacities of the lungs. 4. Measure the forced expiratory volume. 5. Compare the forced expiratory volume to vital capacity ratio with predicted values to conclude if a subject is likely to be suffering from respiratory disease. 6. Measure a subject's maximum voluntary ventilation. 7. Explain how respiratory disease is likely to affect a subject's vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, and maximum voluntary ventilation. Background Spirometery is a technique that is used to measure the amount of air moving through the lungs over time. The amount of air that fits in the lungs can be divided into volumes . The sum of one or more volumes is a capacity . See the "Introduction to Spirometry" video on Canvas for detailed explanation of the volumes and capacities. Spirometry is important because it is used to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The third leading cause of death in the United States is COPD. Materials and Equipment Materials: 1. AFT1 disposable air filter 2. AFT2 disposable mouthpiece 3. AFT3 disposable nose clip Equipment: 1. Biopac airflow transducer SS11LA x1 2. AFT6A syringe x1

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA Methods for Measurement of Volumes and Capacities Predicting the Subject's Vital Capacity 1. Complete Table 1 with information for the test subject. 2. Use the subject's gender to choose the correct formula below. Use the correct formula to calculate the subject’s predicted vital capacity using the information in Table 1 . The formulas use the following units; height is in cm, age is in years, and vital capacity is in liters. 𝑉𝐶 ?𝑎?? = [0.052(𝐻) − 0.022(𝐴)] − 3.60 𝑉𝐶 ???𝑎?? = [0.041(𝐻) − 0.018(𝐴)] − 2.69 Calibration for Vital Capacity Measurement Data for lung volumes are collected using a flow transducer. To check that the flow transducer has been properly calibrated, a known volume of air is forced through the flow transducer. By comparing the volume of air that is recorded by the Biopac software with the known volume of air we can determined whether the data recorded matches the physical volume pushed through the device. For accurate data collection, the percent error between the known volume and the recorded volume should be as close to 0% as possible. Today, if the percent error is less than 5% then the calibration is okay. If the percent error is greater than 5% then redo the calibration. Ask your instructor for help if necessary. 1. Watch the calibration video on Canvas. 2. Open "L12 Pulmonary Function I" on Biopac. 3. Read the information on the "hardware" and "calibration" tabs of the setup. A calibration syringe (AFT6A) and filter are attached to the airflow transducer (SS11LA). Air is pumped in and out of the airflow transducer five times to mimic breathing (Figure 1) . When ready, click "calibrate." Figure 1. Syringe and airflow transducer held horizontally during the calibration. 4. The known volume of the AFT6A syringe seen in the calibration video is 0.61L. Use the following formula to calculate the percent error. Enter values in Table 2 .

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA % 𝐸???? = (𝑅??????? 𝑉????? − 𝐾???? 𝑉?????) 𝐾???? 𝑉????? × 100 Measuring Vital Capacity 1. Watch the "Spirometry Test" video on Canvas. 2. During the vital capacity measurement the subject is seated in a relaxed position facing away from the computer monitor. The subject wears a nose clip and holds airflow transducer vertically ( Figure 2 ). The subject breathes normally through the mouthpiece for 5 breaths then inhales as deeply as possible and exhales completely before returning to breathing normally. Figure 2 . Airflow transducer with disposable mouthpiece. 3. Check to see if the recording resembles Figure 3 . Figure 3 . Example data for measurement of vital capacity. 4. Insert the value for the Predicted vital capacity that you calculated in Table 1 . in Table 3 . 5. Measure the observed vital capacity using the data in Figure 1 . Record this measurement in Table 3 .

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA 6. Compare the observed and predicted values for the vital capacity using the equation below. Note that 80% of predicted values are still considered within the “normal” range. ???????? 𝑉𝑖??? 𝐶????𝑖?𝑦 ????𝑖???? 𝑉𝑖??? 𝐶????𝑖?𝑦 ∗ 100% 7. Complete Tables 4 by measuring the volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs during tidal inhales and exhales for your subject. For example, in Figure 3 the first inhale raises the amount of air in the lungs from 3 to 4 liters so the volume of this tidal inhale is 1 liter. The first tidal exhale in Figure 3 lowers the amount of air in the lungs from 4 to 2.75 liters so the volume of this tidal exhale is 1.25 liters. 8. Complete Table 5 . Methods for Measuring Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) and Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) Forced expiratory volume (FEV) is the percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC) that a person can forcibly expel over 1, 2, and 3 seconds. Typically, a healthy adult can expel 80% of their lung’s vital capacity in the 1st second (FEV1). 1. Open "L13 Pulmonary Function II" on Biopac. 2. Calibrate using the AFT6A syringe. The known volume of the AFT6A syringe is 0.61L. Use the following formula to calculate the percent error. Complete Table 6 . % 𝐸???? = (𝑅??????? 𝑉????? − 𝐾???? 𝑉?????) 𝐾???? 𝑉????? × 100 3. Watch the video "Forced Expiratory Volume" on Canvas. 4. During the forced expiratory volume test the subject is seated in a relaxed position facing away from the computer monitor. The subject wears a nose clip and holds airflow transducer vertically. The subject inhales as deeply as possible then forcefully and maximally exhales. For the maximum exhalation, it is important to push all the air out of the lungs as quickly as possible. a. Biopac may prompt you to continue with the MVV recording before presenting the data for analysis. If so, skip to the method for MVV and revisit steps 5-7 of FEV when all recordings are complete and you are ready to analyze your data. 5. Compare the recording with Figure 4 .

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA Figure 3. Example forced expiratory volume (FEV) recording. 6. Measure the FEV for the time intervals indicated in Table 7 for the test subject. For example, in Figure 4 the total volume of exhalation after 2 seconds is approximately 6.25 liters. Data for your test subject should differ from the example data. Enter measured FEV values in Table 7 . 7. Measure the vital capacity for the test subject. For example, Figure 4 shows an exhalation with a total volume of 6.5 liters. Measurements for your test subject should differ from example data. Enter the VC for your test subject in Table 7 . Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) tests are conducted to assess a person’s overall pulmonary ventilation. This test combines volume and flow rates to assess how much air a subject can move through their lungs over a period of one minute. 1. This lesson also uses "L13 Pulmonary Function II" on Biopac. 2. Calibrate using the AFT6A syringe and calculate the percent error of the calibration using the formula below. Complete Table 8 . % 𝐸???? = (𝑅??????? 𝑉????? − 𝐾???? 𝑉?????) 𝐾???? 𝑉????? × 100 3. Watch the video "Maximum Voluntary Ventilation" on Canvas. 4. During the maximal voluntary ventilation test the subject is seated in a relaxed position facing away from the computer monitor. The subject wears a nose clip and holds airflow transducer vertically. During the recording, the subject breathes normally for 20 seconds, then breathes as quickly and as deeply as possible for 12-15 seconds, and finally returns to normal breathing for another 20 seconds. During the 12-15 seconds of hyperventilation, the emphasis is on speed rather than depth of breathing. The breathing rate should be around one breath per second.

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