Digestive - Stomach, small intestine, accessory organs

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School

University Of Georgia *

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Course

2210

Subject

Anatomy

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by EarlHornet3703

Dr. Crystal Robinson CBIO 2210 Fall 2023

▪ Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the stomach. ▪ State the function of each type of epithelial cell in the gastric mucosa. ▪ Identify the secretions of the stomach and state their functions. ▪ Explain how the stomach produces hydrochloric acid and pepsin. ▪ Describe the contractile responses of the stomach to food. ▪ Describe the three phases of gastric function and how gastric activity is activated and inhibited. ▪ Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the liver, gallbladder, bile duct system, and pancreas. ▪ Describe the digestive secretions and functions of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. ▪ Explain how CCK and secretin regulate secretion by the liver and pancreas. ▪ Describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the small intestine. ▪ State how the mucosa of the small intestine differs from that of the stomach, and explain the functional significance of the differences. ▪ Describe the types of movement that occur in the small intestine.

▪ Stomach — a muscular sac in upper left abdominal cavity immediately inferior to the diaphragm ▪ Primarily functions as a food storage organ ▪ Volume of about 50 mL when empty ▪ 1.0 to 1.5 L after a typical meal ▪ Up to 4 L when extremely full ▪ Mechanically breaks up food, liquefies it, and begins chemical digestion of protein and fat ▪ Chyme: soupy or pasty mixture of semidigested food in the stomach ▪ Most digestion occurs after the chyme passes on to the small intestine ▪ Figure 25.12a

▪ Stomach — J-shaped; relatively vertical in tall people, horizontal in short people ▪ Divided into four regions ▪ Cardial part (cardia) — small area within about 3 cm of the cardial orifice ▪ Fundus — dome-shaped portion superior to esophageal attachment ▪ Body — makes up the greatest part of stomach ▪ Pyloric part — narrower pouch at the inferior end ▪ Subdivided into the funnel-like antrum ▪ Narrower pyloric canal that terminates at pylorus ▪ Pylorus — narrow passage to duodenum ▪ Pyloric sphincter — regulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum ▪ Figure 25.12b ▪ b: Rebecca Gray/McGraw-Hill Education

▪ Stomach receives: ▪ Parasympathetic fibers from vagus ▪ Sympathetic fibers from celiac ganglia ▪ Supplied with blood by branches of the celiac trunk ▪ Blood drained from stomach and intestines enters hepatic portal circulation and is filtered through liver before returning to heart https://teachmeanatomy.info/abdomen/gi-tract/stomach/ https://new.meduniv.lviv.ua/up load s/repo sitory /kaf/ka f_oncology_fp ge/12.%D0% A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B 7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BD %D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F/12.1.%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B 0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8 F_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82% D0%B5%D1%80%D1% 96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8/12.1.1.%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%20%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%83% D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0/G astric_Cancer_Surgery.pdf

▪ Stomach has a simple columnar epithelium covered by mucous ▪ Apical regions of its surface cells are filled with mucin ▪ Mucin swells with water and becomes mucus after it is secreted ▪ Mucosa and submucosa are flat when stomach is full but form longitudinal wrinkles called gastric rugae when empty ▪ Muscularis externa has three layers (instead of the two seen elsewhere) ▪ Outer longitudinal, middle circular, and inner oblique layers ▪ Figure 25.13 a ▪ Figure 25.12b ▪ b: Rebecca Gray/McGraw-Hill Education

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