lab manual_appendicular_skeleton_a+p 1.pdf

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2 PRE-LAB EXERCISES When studying the skeletal system, the bones are often sorted into two broad categories: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. This lab focuses on the appendicular skeleton, which is formed from the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the upper and lower limbs. View Module 7.2 Axial and Appendicular Skeleton to highlight the bones of the appendicular skeleton and compare them to those of the axial skeleton. Examine Module 11.1 Appendicular Skeleton to view only the bones of the appendicular skeleton. In addition to learning about all the bones of the appendicular skeleton, it is also important to identify some significant bone markings. Bone markings can have many shapes, including holes, round or sharp projections, and shallow or deep valleys, among others. These markings on the bones serve many purposes, including forming attachments to other bones or muscles and allowing passage of a blood vessel or nerve. It is helpful to understand the meanings of some of the more common bone marking terms. Before we get started, look up the definitions of these common bone marking terms: Canal : Condyle : Facet : Fissure : Foramen : (see Module 10.18 Foramina of Skull) Fossa : Margin : Process : Proximal : Trochanter : Tubercle : Tuberosity : Throughout this exercise, you will notice bold terms. This is meant to focus your attention on these important words. Make sure you pay attention to any bold words and know how to explain their definitions and/or where they are located. Use the following modules to guide your exploration of the appendicular skeleton. As you explore these bones in Visible Body’s app, also locate the bones and bone markings on any available charts, models, or specimens. You may also find it helpful to palpate bones on yourself or make drawings of the bones with the bone markings labeled. The drawings don’t have to be perfect; just make sure the different bone markings are in the correct locations, relative to each other. Open the A&P app, and from the left-side menu, select the Skeletal System. You are responsible for the identification of all bold terms and answers to the questions.

3 A. Skeletal System Overview Watch the video in Module 7.1 Skeletal System Overview, examine the 3D anatomical view in Module 7.3 Function of the Skeleton, and answer the following questions. Skull Upper limb Vertebral column Lower limb Pelvic girdle Thoracic cage Module 7.3 Function of the Skeleton

4 1. How does the skeletal system facilitate movement? 2. What other functions does the skeletal system perform? B. Long Bone Anatomy Long bones are common in the appendicular skeleton, because they support the weight of the body and facilitate movement. Explore the anatomy of long bones by viewing Modules 9.1 Bone Marrow, 9.2 Interior of a Long Bone, and 9.3 Parts of a Long Bone, and then answer the following questions. Module 9.1 Bone Marrow Examples of bone containing red marrow Examples of bone containing yellow marrow

5 Compact bone Bone marrow Medullary cavity Spongy bone Module 9.2 Interior of a Long Bone

6 Module 9.3 Parts of a Long Bone

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