Anatomy and Physiology I_Module 1 Lecture Exam

Portage Learning Anatomy and Physiology I (BIOD 151) MODULE 1 Lecture Exam: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Notes:  Essay answers must clearly be in your own words.  All multiple-choice questions have one answer unless otherwise specified. Choose the best response to the question with the information provided. 1. What is the study of the structure of the human body? a. Anatomy b. Physiology c. Anabolism d. Catabolism e. Metabolism 2. Which is the study of the function of the human body? a. Anatomy b. Physiology c. Anabolism d. Catabolism e. Metabolism 3. _____ is an example of the organ level of organization in the human body a. Sodium b. The liver c. Mitochondria d. The skeletal system e. Epithelium 4. What is the breakdown of nutrients? a. Anatomy b. Physiology c. Anabolism d. Catabolism e. Metabolism 5. What is the synthesis of more complex substances? a. Anatomy b. Physiology c. Anabolism d. Catabolism e. Metabolism

6. List the four basic types of tissues. Epithelium, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue 7. List the three layers of the skin in order from deep to superficial. The deepest layer of the skin should be at the top of your list. To receive credit the layers must be in this order. hypodermis (inner, also called subcutaneous tissue layer) dermis (middle layer) epidermis (outer layer) 8. List the three layers of the skin in order from superficial to deep. The superficial layer of the skin should be at the top of your list. To receive credit the layers must be in this order. epidermis (outer layer) dermis (middle layer) hypodermis (inner, also called subcutaneous tissue layer) 9. Testosterone contributes to muscle strength and bone mass. Based upon your learning of metabolism, would it be considered an anabolic or catabolic hormone? Explain why. Anabolic because it is building new tissues from smaller cells and using energy to do so. 10. What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the back of the body"? a. Superior b. Inferior c. Ventral d. Dorsal e. Medial 11. What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the front of the body"? a. Superior b. Inferior c. Ventral d. Dorsal e. Medial 12. What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "toward the upper part of a structure"? a. Superior b. Inferior c. Ventral d. Dorsal e. Medial 13. What anatomical orientation term is used to indicate "away from the head end"? Inferior/Caudal

22. Which anatomical action is occurring at the elbow joint, in the direction of the arrow? (Elbow) Flexion 23. Look at the figure below. The right femur is moved in the direction of the arrow. What anatomical action term best describes this movement? Abduction (The femur is moving away from midline) 24. List two organs contained in the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs and the rectum 25. True or False: The ventral body cavity contains the cranial cavity, the thoracic cavity, and the abdominal cavity. If your answer is false, rephrase the statement to make it a true statement. False. The ventral cavity contains the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity (It does not contain the cranial cavity). 26. The body is divided into anterior and posterior sections by what type of plane? Frontal (coronal)

27. A section that is diagonal between horizontal and vertical planes is called what? Oblique 28. A sagittal plan that lies exactly in the midline is referred to as what type of plane? Median plane Midsagittal plane 29. Look at the diagram below. What type of plane is shown? Sagittal (Specifically, a midsagittal plane) 30. Using the letters given, match the cell with the type of solution it has been placed in: A cell beginning to swell – (c) Hypotonic A red blood cell placed in ocean water – (b) Hypertonic A cell containing an equal amount of solute as the solution – (a) Isotonic (a) Isotonic (b) Hypertonic (c) Hypotonic 31. Using the letters given, match the cell with the type of solution it has been placed in: A cell beginning to shrink – (b) Hypertonic A red blood cell placed in distilled (purified) water – (c) Hypotonic A cell neither shrinking or swelling – (a) Isotonic (a) Isotonic (b) Hypertonic (c) Hypotonic

37. Label the 5 organelles listed below: 3: Nucleolus 4: Nuclear Envelope 5: Mitochondria 7: Lysosome 8: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 38. True or False a. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (T or F) False. The purpose of cellular respiration is not to produce ADP (adenosine diphosphate), but rather to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate). b. Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) True (Peripheral proteins can be found on the outer or inner surface, but do not span across the entire membrane). c. Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell. (T or F) False (This process is called endocytosis) d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) True e. Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure. (T or F) False (Endocytosis is an active process and requires cellular energy)

39. True or False a. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. (T or F) True b. The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP. (T or F) True c. Integral proteins are only found in the inner surface of a cell membrane (T or F) False (Peripheral proteins are found on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane. Integral proteins span the entire length of the membrane) d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F) False (This process is called exocytosis) e. Pinocytosis uses a significant molecule from another cell, binding the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell protein. (T or F) False (This process is called receptor-mediated endocytosis or information transfer) 40. In your own words, discuss Tay-Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur? (1) Lysosomes (2) Buildup of toxic lipids inside the cell (biomacromolecules) (3) Disability and death In the genetic disease known as Tay-Sachs, one of the normally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is lacking. Thus, a toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting buildup of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and death. 41. You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? Explain why. The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster.

47. C. The sodium- potassium pump is an example 48. D. additional energy is required to drive this process Which one of the following is not true of active transport?A. Active transport occurs against the concentration gradientB. Carrier proteins move particles from greater concentration to lesserC. The sodium-potassium pump is an exampleD. additional energy is required to drive this process