Study Guide #1

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Chabot College *

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Uploaded by tonyschan

Study Guide for Quiz #1 due Sunday, 02/07 at 11:59 pm Study Guide #1 Introduction: This study guide will help you prepare for Reading Quiz #1. This quiz will cover the films Tribal Religions, When God Was a Girl, and Witchcraft Among the Azande: Disappearing World. Description: In North America and western Europe there is a growing interest in the spiritual practices and ideas of the world's native peoples. In the film Tribal Religions , Hans Kung first travels to Australia to investigate the beliefs of today's Aborigines through ceremonies involving body painting, music, and dance. He then journeys to Africa, the cradle of humankind, to gain insights into tribal culture through modern rites that include torchlight processions, dance, and animal sacrifice. The influence of Christian missionaries is also examined. Travelling across the Mediterranean and Near East to some of the world’s oldest sacred places; in the film When God Was a Girl, Bettany Hughes finds evidence that women were part of the very birth of organized religion. Hughes studies Minoan snake goddess figurines and female representations at sites throughout Turkey, and explains how societal changes saw the worship of Zeus and other male gods begin to diminish reverence for the feminine divine. Hughes also attends a Durga festival in India and learns what this goddess means to her devotees. There was a time when the Azande kings ruled from the tropical rain forests of the Congo to the pastures of southern Sudan. In 1980s Sudan, they live a life of obscurity, dominated by oracles and spells—though practicing Christians, they still believe in the power of magic. To an Azande, nothing happens by chance. A wife's illness, the failure of the hunt, or a spoiled crop are all believed to be the work of witches—a witch may not even be conscious of his or her powers, like the woman accused of causing her co-wife sickness merely through unfriendly thoughts. A couple stands accused of adultery; both deny the charge and agree to the chief's suggestion they be tried by Benge, a ritual poison fed to a chicken—whether the chicken lives or dies determines their guilt. When the Benge trial shows that adultery was committed, the pair confesses. Instructions/Requirements:  Students do not need to submit any work or answers prior to the quiz.  You will have 60 minutes to complete the quiz. To do well in the quiz answer the study questions BEFORE taking the actual quiz, that way you can simply copy and paste the answers in the quiz.  Questions will be shown one at a time, once you submit your answers you can’t go back and modify your responses.

 The quiz will only incorporate five questions from the list below; answer each question using a minimum of 360 words.  Use your own words when answering the questions. Students that plagiarize will earn no points in the entire assignment.  Make sure to become familiar with the vocabulary from the reading and answer each of the essay questions using the material.  Make sure that you are at a computer with reliable Internet source and that you have 60 minutes to take the quiz. No exceptions will be made for technological issues.  Late assignments will not be accepted, & will receive no points. Study Questions: Tribal Religions 1) How spirituality affects the style of life of aboriginal Australians and natives of Africa? Lastly explain the influence of Christian missionaries in their life (360 words). 2) Describe how the spirituality of aboriginal people provides a window in time to study the spiritual believes of ancient humans? (360 words). When God Was a Girl 3) Describe the origin of organized religion, and the role of goddesses been worshiped in older faiths. (360 words). 4) Explain how societal changes affected the worship of male gods and begin to diminish reverence for the feminine divine (360 words). Religious practices and beliefs have traditionally been greatly influenced by societal changes, which frequently lead to changes in the worship of male gods and a decline in the regard for the feminine divine. In order to balance the energy of the sexes, many ancient societies worshipped both male and female deities. But over time, a number of reasons contributed to the rise of male deities and the marginalization of female deities. The emergence of patriarchal societies, in which male authority and power solidified, was one important element. The ideas of property ownership, inheritance, and lineage became vital as societies evolved from hunter-gatherer to agrarian and eventually urbanized civilizations. These modifications increased the significance of patrilineal descent and male heirs, elevating male deities linked to power, dominance, and kingship. This change frequently resulted in female deities being demoted to supporting positions while masculine gods were perceived as more relevant to the shifting sociopolitical context. The rise of organized religions with hierarchical systems also played a role in the decline of respect for the feminine divine. Male-dominated priesthoods and institutions presided over many organized religions, which did so in an effort to maintain social order and consolidate authority. These institutions frequently spread myths that stressed the superiority of male gods and minimized the role of female goddesses as they rose to become the gatekeepers of religious knowledge and practice. Due to institutional authority, women were marginalized in religious

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