Topic 3_ Short Answer Questions-3
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Feb 20, 2024
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Topic 3: Short Answer Questions
Johnathan H. Guerrero
Grand Canyon University
College of Humanities and Social Sciences
CNL 523: Assessments, Tests, and Measures
Dr. Erica Handon
January 17, 2024
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1. What does the term “reliability” mean in testing and assessment?
When it comes to the term, Reliability is the meaning of the degree to which a test is consistent. As well as measures or results to what it is supposed to. Reliability is the identical results each time of the tool being used (Cohen et al., 2022). An example would be the bathroom scale that helps in creating a visual on the scale and the consideration of its reliability of being a tool of frequently giving the same measurement of weight. However, it would also lessen the dependability of the tool if it displays a wide range of various numbers each time it is used. It would be imperative if the person’s weight is unaffected for this example in reliability. 2. What does the term “validity” mean in testing and assessment?
When it comes to the term “validity”, it goes to extend to a test that claims to measure the
variable that would be what it originally intended (Price et al., 2015). When it comes to validity, it involves an estimate of how the test measures and what it measures for (Cohen et al., 2022). Validity is also required before reliability can be considered. Another factor that is important to bring up with validity of a test is that it provides a rational foundation, relevance as well as value implications. 3. Why is it important to have both reliability and validity in the use of assessments?
When it comes to the importance of both reliability and validity playing a major part in tests. Reliability is to be dependability of a measurement, as it comes to validity to be the accuracy of it. Because both the terms are very important to test the correct and incorrect way of giving them. Validity provides a greater insight on the test and how certain of the situation is in the meaning of its score as it is also related to coefficient. When it comes to Cohen et al.,. (2022),
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They go into depth of being the correlation coefficient in which would provide a measure of the relationship of both test scores and criterion measures. 4. In testing and assessment, what is norming?
When it comes to norms, this will involve the process of developing norms or the psychological assessment of a population. Since the comparison of individual scores to group scores is called a norm-referenced assessment (Renbarger & Morgan, 2018). In understanding the meaning and the use of the norms would be the reference to when it comes to evaluating the scores and then comparing them to another group of testers scores. 5. Utilize your textbook to briefly explain each of the following concepts as they relate to psychological assessments/tests:
a
. Standardized testing: When it comes to the relation to a test and/or measure to what is standardized, in ensuring that all answers of the participants are identical questions. After scoring
then it would go to comparison of alternative groups.
b
. Nonstandardized testing: Because this will be considered an informal test to determine participant growth and will not be compared to other alternatives. c
. Norm-referenced assessments: Would be used to have a better insight into the results, this would determine if the tester was better or worse as it is compared to others. d
. Criterion-referenced assessments: Many of these assessments are to be utilized in order that will evaluate the scores of people and then compare to the set of guidelines e
. Group assessments: Would be the evaluation of groups that are used in evaluating collective scores in order to understand the theory.
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f
. Individual assessments: Assessments that are used to assist counselors in order to have a starting goal in the therapeutic relationship. and play a role in the initial assessment.
g
. Scales of measurement: When it comes to measurement scales, there are four types of scales. Nominal scales are considered the basic type of scale for measuring groups or labels. Equally selective measurement across categories. The ordinal scale is considered to be a variable measurement that represents variables in order. Interval scales are considered equivalent intervals and each component is equivalent. A ratio scale is a combination of all measurements.
h
. Measures of central tendency:
As it is an indicator to measure score points that are between extreme scores within the distribution (Cohen et al., 2022). Consisting of the mean, median, and mode. The average value obtained when calculating the mean of distribution scores. Median is the middle number of the entire group. Ranging scores from lowest to highest. Mode is the measurement of the most obtained from the most repetitious scores. i
. Indices of variability: Being used to indicating to separate and/or the difference with each distribution score from one another. Because these four are rage, interquartile range variance, and standard (Cohen et al., 2022).
j
. Shapes and types of distribution: Both types of distributions that are used to collect measurement conclusions and the involvements of various variables and being leaning left bell-
shaped. While the other skewed distribution shows distribution of the set as well as scores falling
into the high end which indicates a positive slope. While scores will fall in the low end which would be a negative skewed.
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k
. Correlations: Being utilized to indicate the connection of measurements as well as being used for the direction of two corresponding variables.
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Reference Cohen, R. J., Tobin, R. M., & Schneider, W. J. (2022). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement
. McGraw Hill LLC. Renbarger, R., & Morgan, G. (2018). Norming. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation
(Vol. 4, pp. 1158-1160). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506326139
Price, P.C., Jhangiani, R.S. and Chiang, I.-C.A. (2015). Research Methods in Psychology.
The Saylor Foundation
, BCCAMPUS, VICTORIA, B.C., p. 4/11. https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/
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