QUESTIONS MAJOR READ ASSIGN 1 Chd Art
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Youngstown State University *
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Course
ART-2648
Subject
Arts Humanities
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
Pages
4
Uploaded by CommodoreAtom97141
1
Dr. S. Adu-Poku
Kyley Miller
Questions For Reading
Children’s Artistic Development and the Influence
of Visual Culture
by
Lindsey Grandstaff
1.
What
two
major factors account for the differences in children’s artwork in contemporary
society?
One factor is being able to create art experiences while also learning about the thoughts,
comprehension, and experiences of the students on the subject. Culture is an additional
factor. Students frequently incorporate personal experiences into their artwork, if they are
limited in their exposure to a certain culture, this will be shown in their drawings.
2.
Explain
two
reasons why the
National Art Education Association (NAEA) has set new goals to
promote art education research in the 21
st
century.
The NAEA has set new goals because of visual culture and material culture. Also,
technology is a reason they have set new goals.
3.
Who are the theorists who conducted research studies on artistic development between
1920 and 1980? How would you classify or refer to the group?
Lowenfeld (1982), Piaget (1956), Vygotsky (1978), and Gardner (1980) were the
theorists who studied artistic development from 1920-1980. They are referred to as
the Early views group of theorists.
4.
What are the major differences in theories and research conducted by contemporary artistic
development scholars Marianne Kerlavage (1998) and Bernard Darras and Anna Kindler
(1994)?
The main distinction is that, according to Bernard Darras and Anna Kindlers, children
use art to communicate through signs and symbols, but Marianne Kerlavage thought
that children used art to express their feelings.
5.
Explain clearly the differences in research focuses of Viktor Lowenfeld and Jean Piaget in
comparison to that of Lev Vygotsky and Howard Gardner with regard to
children’s artistic
development.
Lowenfeld and Piaget both had detailed stages, some of which had similar
characteristics. Vygotsky and Gardner focused on the social aspect of their research.
6.
Why is Lowenfeld
often referred to by many art educators as the father of art education?
Lowenfeld is the father of art education because he focused on children's creative
self expression through art. He made 6 domains of area of growth that can be
promoted through art education.
7.
Explain what Lowenfeld’s scribbling stage is all about. Based on your own experience with
children, describe some of the common characteristics of the scribbling stage.
This stage occurs from two to four, it is where a child begins to draw with given
materials. At first the drawings are just marks and as they adapt to holding the drawing
utensil the correct way they will be able to form basic scribbles.
2
Dr. S. Adu-Poku
8.
Explain what Lowenfeld’s preschematic stage is all about. Based on your own experience
with children, describe some of the common characteristics of the preschematic stage.
This stage occurs from ages four to seven. This stage is when children start to draw the
things around them, they are also using words to describe what they are drawing.
9.
Explain what Lowenfeld’s schematic stage is all about. Based on your own experience with
children, describe some of the common characteristics of the schematic stage.
Begins at age 7 and ends at age 9, it is where children start to draw the things around
them such as trees and people. I often see children drawing scenery.
10.
Why is Jean Piag
et so influential in educational psychology?
Piaget created a series of four stages for cognitive development.
11. Which artistic stages in Lowenfeld’s overlap with Piaget’s preoperational stage? Describe
three
characteristics that are common in children’s drawing at the preoperational stage.
12. What are the characteristic differences in children’s drawing between concrete operations
and formal operations under Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
In contrast to formal operations, where children draw the opposite, concrete operations
involve sketching objects that are more realistic. They are more concerned with creating
an effect with their artwork, such as shape and color, than they are with having it appear
realistic.
13. Why is Vygotsky considered as an important educational psychologist in early childhood?
Vygotsky is an important educational psychologist because of his discovery of the Zone of
Proximal Development.
14. What is your understanding of Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)? Use your
own words or example to explain this concept.
ZPD is the area between what can be done independently and what can be done with some
guidance.For example, a baby who can stand up but can’t quite walk yet. They might need
guidance from their caregiver, the ZPD is learning how to walk.
15. What did Gardner discover from studying preschool drawings in the 1980s? What lessons
could teachers and adults learn from his research?
Gardner found that preschool drawings looked a lot like adult drawings and they were a lot
more expressive. Teachers could use this as a lesson to prepare their students for their
middle childhood.
16. Explain what Howard Gardner’s U-Curve of development hypothesis is all about.
The U-curve is to show that young children and adults artwork shows more expression
while middle childhood artwork show lack of confidence and freestyle drawing. During
middle childhood, children try to be perfect so they lack free expression. The “u” comes
from a data chart. In the beginning expression is high, in the middle it is significantly less,
then it goes back up to where it was in the beginning.
17. Describe the map model of pictorial development presented by
Darras and Kindler
?
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