UNIT 2 HIGH RENAISSANCE

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Arts Humanities

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Apr 3, 2024

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Unit 2-High Renaissance Review Name: Alyssa Crawford 1. Explain the following terms: Chiaroscuro: Shading of light and shadow to depict the third dimension which allowed for paintings to have gradients of light and dark color instead of being flat. Sfumato: An Italian word that means “toned down or “vanished in smoke” and is a type of atmospheric perspective whereas objects become closer they get clearer and as they get further; they fade in with or blur into the distance or space. 1. What were four new subjects for study for Pre-Renaissance and Renaissance thinkers? (Refer to the study guide) Four main subjects the thinkers could study included the oil painting technique, the use of one- and two- point perspective or perspective in general, the human figure and how it is modeled and lastly using Greek and Roman secular themes 2. List three new patrons (buyers) of Renaissance art. Kings/ rulers, popes and religious institutions or churches. 3. How were Pre-Renaissance and Renaissance artists trained? They would typically follow a master teacher through an art studies program and would focus on drawing which was important to learn and understand at the time, going along with the idea of mathematical and scientific studies including mathematics in drawing furthering artistic studies. 4. Explain the three main painting techniques in detail from the Pre-Renaissance and Renaissance. Tempera: This process involves the combination of egg yolk and colored pigments which could then be thinned out with water or used in similar ways in which oil paint is applied in layers Fresco: This process involves applying wet paint on top of freshly applied plaster to be able to set and dry with it. Oil Painting: Pigments are combined and mashed into a powder with linseed oil and allow for smooth blending when mixed but requires a lengthy drying time. It is like tempura but more pigmented or rich. 5. Explain 6 High Renaissance qualities of Raphael’s, “Madonna of the Meadows.” Qualities of the High Renaissance incorporated into Raphael’s painting includes the triangular composition at which the figures are positioned at, the use of Stamato technique where the background
and scenery have depth, the use of Greek and Roman secular themes as a narrative of the Bible occurs, the drapery of the clothing is somewhat well defined, flowing and realistic, the use of chiaroscuro seen in the intense range of shading, as well as the naturalistic manner that Madonna, Saint John and Christ are painted. Explain the subject matter, formal qualities and symbolism of Michelangelo’s “Pieta.” Explain the term “pathos” in relation to this sculpture. This is a sculpture done by Michelangelo and it depicts Mary and Christ while they are sitting together. Mary is depicted holding Christ as he dies as he has just been crucified and is wearing a thorned crown. The main question surrounding this painting is why Christ is depicted smaller than Mary as he was a full- grown man at the time of his death, as well as the fact that Mary is depicted much younger than what a mother of a person that old should look like. The term pathos is heavily in touch with this work as intense emotion is displayed throughout the narrative and the expressions on the characters faces. 6. Explain 6 High Renaissance qualities of Leonardo’s, “Madonna and Child with St. Anne. Qualities of the High Renaissance incorporated into Leonardo’s painting includes the triangular composition at which the figures are positioned at, the use of Stamato technique where the mountains are faded to a degree, the use of Greek and Roman secular themes as a narrative of the Bible occurs, the drapery of the clothing is very defined, flowing and realistic, the use of chiaroscuro seen in the more intense range of shading happening in the composition, and lastly the naturalistic way that Mary, Anne and Christ are painted. 7. Which architect designed the following central plan? Bramante designed this central plan. 8. Which architect designed the following modified central plan with a clear entrance? Michelangelo designed this plan.
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