ANCS 201, Ancient Greeks Midterm

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Prince George's Community College, Largo *

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Arts Humanities

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Apr 3, 2024

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ANCS 201 Ancient Greeks Midterm You have two hours to complete the exam on your own time. Please follow directions for each section. The exam is closed notes. You are on the honor code. It is Due Saturday 21 st by 11:59 pm: NO EXCEPTIONS I, Omar Jaiteh, promise and under my honor according to UMBC academic integrity that I have completed the quiz withing the allotted time and did not use any outside resources or notes to complete the quiz. I) Multiple Choice [2pts each, 30 total] 1. In which region of Greece is Eleusis located? a) Boeotia b) Attica c) Laconia d) Euboea e) Argolid 2. In which region of Greece is Thebes located? a) Eoboea b) Laconia c) Attica d) Argolid e) Boeotia 3. In which region of Greece is Mycenae located? a) Argolid b) Laconia c) Boeotia d) Euboea e) Attica 4. In which region of Greece is Sparta located? a)Attica b) Argolid c) Laconia d)Boeotia e) Euboea 5. In which region of Greece was Lefkandi located? a) Laconia b) Boeotia c) Euboea d) Attica e) Argolid 6. In which period was the earliest megaron found in Dimini? a) Archaic b) Iron c) Bronze d) Stone e) Classical 7. In which period did the tholos tomb emerge? a) classical b) archaic c) stone d) bronze e) iron 8. In which period did the gymnasium develop? a) iron b) archaic c) classical d) stone e) bronze 9. In which period did the Greeks heroize their dead and altars? a) bronze b) classical c) archaic d) stone e) iron

10. In which period did the Greeks begin to monumentalize their temples? a) iron b) stone c) bronze d) archaic e) classical 11) What was the letter script of the Greeks in the Mycenaean period? a) linear a b) linear b c) Phoenician d) linear c e) hieroglyphs 12. The tyrants emerged from what group of people? a) aristocrats b) the middle c) poor d) thetes e) helots 13. What is the name of the early Greek colony in Egypt? a) Naukratis b) Thebes c) Alexandria d) Luxor e) Cyrene 14. Who were the first to paint black-figure vases? a) Euboeans b) Athenians c) Corinthians d) Sicilians e) Phoenicians 15. The Spartan government can be best described as: a) republic b) democracy c) monarchy d) tyranny e) dictatorship II) Short Answer [3pts each, 45 total]: Must write in complete sentences or the answer will be counted wrong . 1. What was the Minoan-Mycenaean palatial system? The Minoan-Mycenaean palatial system was a complex administrative and social structure characterized by the presence of large palace complexes. These palaces served as political, economic, and religious centers in ancient Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. They housed the rulers, administrative offices, storage facilities, and workshops, indicating a centralized form of government and economy . 2. In what ways was the Mycenaean palace different from the Minoans? Unlike the Minoan palaces, Mycenaean palaces were heavily fortified with thick walls and defensive structures, suggesting a more militarized society. Additionally, Mycenaean palaces lacked the extensive indoor plumbing and elaborate frescoes characteristic of Minoan palaces. 3. What are some similarities and differences between Mycenaean and Minoan frescoes? Similarities between Mycenaean and Minoan frescoes include vibrant colors and depictions of various scenes from daily life and religious rituals. Differences lie in the artistic styles: Minoan frescoes often feature flowing, graceful figures and natural landscapes, while Mycenaean frescoes tend to have sturdier, more schematic representations of people and animals. 4. Please describe some similarities and differences between Mycenean and Minoan religion? Where did they worship? Who led worship? What gods did they worship?

Both civilizations practiced polytheistic religions, worshipping deities related to nature, fertility, and the sea. Minoans worshipped in sacred caves and on mountaintops, led by priestesses. Mycenaeans worshipped in megaron temples within palace complexes, led by priests. Some shared gods included Zeus and Poseidon, but they also had distinct deities; for instance, Minoans revered the mother goddess, while Mycenaeans emphasized warrior gods like Ares. 5. Give some reasons speculated by scholars that might have led to the Bronze Age collapse. Scholars speculate climate change, natural disasters, invasion by the Sea Peoples, and internal revolts as potential reasons for the Bronze Age collapse. These factors disrupted trade networks, agricultural systems, and political structures, leading to the decline of several ancient civilizations. 6. Please describe the development of Greek religion in the Iron Age, detailing not only the architectural changes, but also how the social ones. In the Iron Age, Greek religion became more organized with the construction of temples, replacing open-air sanctuaries. This shift paralleled the rise of city-states (poleis). Society became more stratified, with priests gaining influence and centralized religious control. Rituals became more formalized, and the concept of the afterlife gained importance. 7. Describe the socio-political organization in the early Iron Age. The early Iron Age saw the emergence of the polis (city-state) as the central socio-political unit. Each polis had its own government, laws, and citizens. Aristocrats and landowners held political power, while farmers, artisans, and laborers constituted the majority of the population. 8. What changes to funerary practices do we see in the Iron Age? In the Iron Age, there were changes to funerary practices such as a decrease in burial in graves, an increase in cremation, and a practice known as excarnation where flesh and organs were removed from the body and scattered in nature. 9. What innovations did the Greeks do to the Phoenician alphabet? The Greeks modified the Phoenician alphabet by changing some of the symbols to represent vowels, making their alphabet more phonetically correct. 10. To what artistic period does the “Orientalizing Style” belong? Please describe some artistic features of the style. The Orientalizing Style belongs to the late Geometric and early Archaic periods. It is characterized by motifs and artistic elements inspired by the Near East, including intricate animal and floral designs, sphinxes, and mythical creatures. This style marked the beginning of increased cultural exchange between Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean.

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