An Unwanted Encounter

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Apr 3, 2024

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User: can you code in sas Julius: I can help you understand SAS code and guide you on how to translate SAS procedures into Python code, using libraries such as pandas, numpy, and scipy for data manipulation and statistical analysis. However, I can't directly execute SAS code. If you have specific SAS code or procedures you need help with, feel free to share, and I can assist in converting them to Python or explain how they work. User: Ambulābam in viā Sacrā et dē nūgīs meīs cōgitābam. Accurrit homō tantum nōmine mihi nōtus. Is bracchium meum capit atque dīcit: “Quid agis, dulcissime rērum?” “Bene,” dīcō, “et cupiō omnia quae tū cupis.” Tum discēdō. Is tamen mēcum ambulat. Eum rogō: “Quid prō tē facere possum?” “Nōlī fugere,” dīcit importūnus, “sed mēcum manē!” “Nōn mihi licet;” respondeō, “dēbeō enim amīcum trāns Tiberim invīsere. Valē!” “Audī mē!” dīcit importūnus, “Nihil aliud facere dēbeō et nōn sum piger. Tē relinquere nōlō. Tēcum venīre possum.” Miser ambulābam; nam eum ā mē discēdere cupiēbam. Importūnus autem dē Maecēnāte ēiusque amīcīs rogābat. “Ūnusquisque nostrum,” respondēbam, “apud Maecēnātem locum suHum habet: nōn tantum dīvitēs et doctī.” Erāmus iam prope templum Vestae. Valdē cupiēbam ab importūnō relinquī, sed is mē nōn relinquēbat. Tunc homō ad nōs subitō venit et importūnum vocat: “Quō ambulās? Mēcum ad iūdicem venīre dēbēs.” Deinde importūnum ad iūdicem dūcit et mē servat. Julius: The text you provided appears to be in Latin and describes a situation where a person is being followed by someone who is persistent and importunate. The protagonist tries to politely decline the company of this person but is unable to shake them off. Eventually, another person intervenes and takes the importunate individual away to see a judge, thus saving the protagonist from further interaction. If you have any specific questions or need further assistance with the content of the text, feel free to ask! User: can you translate it and answer some questions I give you regarding the reading Julius: Certainly! I'll provide a translation of the Latin text you've shared, and then I'll be ready to answer any questions you have regarding it. Here's the translation: --- I was walking on the Sacred Way and thinking about my trifles. A man, known to me only by name, runs up. He grabs my arm and says, "How are you, sweetest of all things?" "Well," I say, "and I wish for all the things you wish for." Then I leave. However, he walks with me. I ask him, "What can I do for you?" "Do not flee," says the importunate man, "but stay with me!" "I cannot;" I respond, "for I must visit a friend across the Tiber. Farewell!" "Listen to me!" says the importunate man, "I have nothing else to do and I am not lazy. I do not want to leave you. I can come with you." I walked miserably; for I wanted him to leave me. However, the importunate man was asking about Maecenas and his friends. "Each of us," I was responding, "has his own place with Maecenas: not only the rich and learned." We were now near the Temple of Vesta. I very much wanted to be left by the importunate man, but he would not leave me. Then suddenly a man comes to us and calls the importunate man: "Where are you walking? You must come with me to the judge." Then he leads the importunate man to the judge and saves me. --- Now, feel free to ask any questions you have regarding this reading! User: 1. Have you heard the quotation on p. 225 before? In Latin, in English, or both? Did you know it was by the Roman poet Horace? 2. Review Introduction p. xxxii-xxxiii. What are the three different kinds of governments Rome had in its history? (Hint as you’re hunting for the answer: the first ended in 509 BCE, the second ended in in about 27 BCE, and the third lasted until Rome fell.) 3. Continue reviewing Introduction p. xxxii-xxxiii. In the last century BCE, what shakes the Roman Republic apart? 4. Continue reviewing Introduction p. xxxii-xxxiii. Who is Octavian? What title and what name did he get in 27 BCE? 5. Continue reviewing Introduction p. xxxii-xxxiii. Fill in the blank: Octavian (Augustus) is the first ruler in what is known as the Roman “principate”, or e____________. (Therefore he is often called the first “Roman emperor.”) 6. Back to p. 226: Who did Octavian defeat at Actium in 31 BCE to bring an end to Rome’s civil wars? What did he do after his v Julius: Since I can't directly access or review specific pages of books or documents, including the Introduction on pages xxxii-xxxiii or the quotation on page 225, I'll provide information based on historical knowledge that should help answer your questions: 1. Without the specific quotation from p. 225, it's challenging to say whether I've encountered it before. Horace is a well-known Roman poet, famous for many quotes and poems in both Latin and English. If you provide the quotation, I could offer more insight. 2. The three different kinds of governments Rome had in its history are: - Monarchy : The Roman Kingdom, which lasted until 509 BCE when the last Roman king was overthrown. - Republic : The Roman Republic, established in 509 BCE and lasting until about 27 BCE. This period was characterized by a complex form of elected government. - Empire : The Roman Empire, beginning in 27 BCE when Augustus (Octavian) became the first emperor. This period lasted until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. 3. In the last century BCE, the Roman Republic was shaken apart by a series of civil wars, political conflicts, and the concentration of power in the hands of a few individuals, such as Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus,
who formed the First Triumvirate. The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE further destabilized the Republic, leading to more civil wars. 4. Octavian is the adopted heir of Julius Caesar. In 27 BCE, the Roman Senate awarded him the title "Augustus," marking the beginning of the Roman Empire and his reign as its first emperor. The name "Augustus" signifies the revered or sacred one, establishing his authority and the new political order. 5. Octavian (Augustus) is the first ruler in what is known as the Roman "principate," or empire . This term refers to the early phase of the Roman Empire, starting with Augustus, where the emperors maintained the facade of republican rule while holding imperial authority. 6. At the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE, Octavian defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra, bringing an end to Rome's civil wars. After his victory, Octavian consolidated his power, reorganized the Roman state, and laid the foundations for the Roman Empire's stability and prosperity. For the incomplete question about what Octavian did after his victory, he initiated a period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, reformed the Roman tax system, developed a network of roads, and patronized the arts, among other achievements. User: 7. According to p. 226, what Latin term was used to mean “first citizen,” a term Augustus used to refer to himself? 8. According to p. 226, what is the Latin term for the era of “Roman peace” established by Augustus? 9. According to p. 226, who is Horace? 10. Did Horace and Vergil live at the same time? 11. What does the title of the Latin passage “DĒ HOMINE IMPORTŪNŌ” mean? (Note from Dictionary.com in case you’re not familiar with the English word “boorish” which is used in the Reading Vocabulary: “Boorish, oafish, rude, uncouth all describe persons, acts, manners, or mannerisms that violate in some way the generally accepted canons of polite, considerate behavior.”) 12. What is the Via Sacra? 13.In the Latin passage, where does Horace say he’s going? How does the annoying guy respond? What makes the guy in the Latin story Horace is talking to annoying? 14.On p. 227 in the Latin passage there is amention of the temple of Vesta. Who is Vesta (review p. 102)? Julius: 7. The Latin term used to mean "first citizen," which Augustus used to refer to himself, is "Princeps Civitatis." This term emphasizes the role of Augustus as the foremost citizen of Rome, rather than a monarch or dictator, aligning with the Roman Republic's values. 8. The Latin term for the era of "Roman peace" established by Augustus is "Pax Romana." This period is characterized by relative peace and stability throughout the Roman Empire, lasting approximately from 27 BCE to 180 CE. 9. Horace is a Roman poet known for his odes, satires, and epistles. He was a contemporary of Augustus and benefited from the patronage of Maecenas, a close advisor to Augustus. Horace's works are celebrated for their mastery of Latin lyric poetry and insightful commentary on Roman society and politics. 10. Yes, Horace and Vergil (Virgil) lived at the same time. Both were part of the circle of poets and intellectuals patronized by Maecenas and were influential figures in the Augustan age of Roman literature. 11. The title of the Latin passage "DĒ HOMINE IMPORTŪNŌ" means "About the Annoying Man" or "Concerning the Importunate Man." The term "importunus" in Latin can describe someone who is troublesome, annoying, or persistent in an unwelcome manner, aligning with the English word "boorish" as described. 12. The Via Sacra, or Sacred Way, is one of the most famous streets in ancient Rome. It was a main thoroughfare that ran through the Roman Forum, leading from the top of the Capitoline Hill through some of the most religiously significant parts of the city, including the Forum, and ending at the Colosseum. It was used for triumphal processions and other important public and religious events. 13. In the Latin passage, Horace says he is going to visit a friend across the Tiber River. The annoying man responds by insisting on accompanying Horace, despite Horace's attempts to politely decline. What makes the man annoying is his refusal to accept Horace's polite refusals, his persistence in following Horace, and his intrusive questioning about Horace's acquaintances and intentions. 14. Vesta is the Roman goddess of the hearth, home, and family. The Temple of Vesta in Rome was a small, round temple in the Roman Forum where the sacred fire of Rome was kept burning by the Vestal Virgins. Vesta's worship was fundamental to Roman religion, and the Vestal Virgins played a key role in maintaining the sanctity of the city through their rituals and guardianship of the sacred flame. User: 15. How is Horace saved in the end? Write out the Latin that answers this question and translate it. Julius: Horace is saved in the end by the sudden arrival of another person who calls away the annoying man to go to the judge. The Latin text that describes this resolution is: "Tunc homō ad nōs subitō venit et importūnum vocat: 'Quō ambulās? Mēcum ad iūdicem venīre dēbēs.' Deinde importūnum ad iūdicem dūcit et mē servat." Translated into English, this means: "Then suddenly a man comes to us and calls the importunate man: 'Where are you walking? You must come with me to the judge.' Then he leads the importunate man to the judge and saves me."
This passage describes how Horace is relieved from the persistent annoyance of the importunate man by an external intervention, highlighting a sudden and unexpected resolution to his predicament. User: 16. What is the imperative mood used for? 17. How do you make a singular imperative? 18. How do you make a plural imperative? Julius: 16. The imperative mood in Latin is used to give commands, orders, requests, or instructions. It is the mood of direct address, where the speaker is directly addressing the listener or audience to perform a specific action. 17. To form a singular imperative in Latin, you typically use the present tense stem of the verb. For most verbs, the singular imperative is formed by removing the -re ending from the second person singular present indicative form. For example, for the verb "amare" (to love), the singular imperative would be "ama" (love). 18. To form a plural imperative in Latin, you also use the present tense stem of the verb. The plural imperative is formed by removing the -re ending from the second person plural present indicative form. For example, for the verb "monere" (to warn), the plural imperative would be "monete" (warn). User: 19. How do you make a negative imperative in the singular and plural? 20. Looking at the “Study Tip” on p. 229, explain how the Latin words for hello and goodbye are actually imperatives. Julius: 19. To form a negative imperative in Latin, you typically use the present subjunctive form of the verb with the particle "noli" (singular) or "nolite" (plural). Here's how you would form the negative imperative in the singular and plural: - Singular Negative Imperative: Use "noli" + present subjunctive verb. For example, "noli amare" (do not love). - Plural Negative Imperative: Use "nolite" + present subjunctive verb. For example, "nolite amare" (do not love). 20. In the "Study Tip" on p. 229, the Latin words for hello and goodbye are actually imperatives. - Hello : The Latin word for hello, "salve," is derived from the imperative "salve!" which means "be well!" It is a greeting that wishes the person well, similar to saying "be well" or "be in good health." - Goodbye : The Latin word for goodbye, "vale," is derived from the imperative "vale!" which means "be strong!" or "be well!" It is a farewell that wishes the person strength or well-being as they depart. User: 21. Does Latin use the genitives of the first and second person pronouns to indicate possession? If not, how would you say “my,” “your,” etc.? 22. Fill in the blank: When the genitive expresses the whole that a part is taken out of (e.g., ūnusquisque nostrum = “Each one of us”), this is called a p___________ genitive. 23. Fill in the blank: When the genitive is joined to a nouns that is closely related to a verb (e.g., Meus amor tuī = “My love for (of) you”), this is called an o___________ genitive. Julius: 21. Latin does not typically use the genitives of the first and second person pronouns to indicate possession in the same way that English uses "my" or "your." Instead, Latin uses possessive adjectives. Here are the possessive adjectives for the first and second person singular and plural: - "My" is "meus, mea, meum" in masculine, feminine, and neuter, respectively. - "Your" (singular) is "tuus, tua, tuum" in masculine, feminine, and neuter, respectively. - "Our" is "noster, nostra, nostrum" in masculine, feminine, and neuter, respectively. - "Your" (plural) is "vester, vestra, vestrum" in masculine, feminine, and neuter, respectively. These possessive adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, not with the possessor. 22. When the genitive expresses the whole that a part is taken out of (e.g., "ūnusquisque nostrum" = "Each one of us"), this is called a partitive genitive. 23. When the genitive is joined to nouns that are closely related to a verb (e.g., "Meus amor tuī" = "My love for (of) you"), this is called an objective genitive. User: 24. When is suus, sua, suum used, and how is it translated? 25. When would you use eius (his/her) or eōrum (their) and not suus, sua, suum? Julius: 24. "Suus, sua, suum" is a reflexive possessive adjective used to indicate possession when the owner is the same as the subject of the sentence. It is translated as "his own," "her own," "its own," or "their own," depending on the context. The use of "suus, sua, suum" emphasizes that the object belongs to the subject of the clause. For example, in the sentence "Marcus libros suos legit," which means "Marcus reads his own books," "suos" refers back to "Marcus," indicating that the books he is reading belong to him. 25. "Eius" (his/her) and "eōrum" (their) are non-reflexive genitive singular and plural pronouns, respectively, and are used when the owner is not the subject of the sentence. You would use "eius" or "eōrum" instead of "suus, sua, suum" when you need to indicate possession by someone other than the subject. For example, in the sentence "Marcus libros eius legit," which means "Marcus reads his/her books," "eius" refers to someone other than Marcus. Similarly, "eōrum" would be used to refer to "their" in a context where "their" does not refer back to the subject of the sentence. User: 26. Review the cardinal and ordinal numerals chart on p. 236. Which of them do you recognize, based on derivatives (e.g., quartus, which means “fourth,” gives us the word “quarter” which is ¼)? 27. How familiar are you with Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.)? 28. How did the Romans tell time?
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