The Cycle of Stars

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School

University of Toronto *

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Course

101

Subject

Astronomy

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

1

Uploaded by tanujadsouza

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The Cycle of Stars Stars are celestial objects that have fascinated astronomers for centuries. They come in various sizes and colors and go through a complex life cycle. This essay explores the birth, evolution, and death of stars, shedding light on the incredible processes that shape the cosmos. Stars are born from the gravitational collapse of giant molecular clouds of gas and dust. These clouds, often light-years in size, begin to contract under their own gravity. As the material compresses, it heats up, eventually reaching temperatures and pressures at the core where nuclear fusion begins. This marks the birth of a star. The life of a star is determined by its mass. Low-mass stars like our Sun will burn hydrogen into helium for billions of years, while high-mass stars will have shorter lives. Throughout their lives, stars release energy in the form of light and heat, which we observe as starlight. As a star ages, it undergoes various stages, including the red giant phase and, in the case of massive stars, the supernova explosion. Red giants are formed when low-mass stars exhaust their hydrogen fuel and expand, engulfing nearby planets. Massive stars, on the other hand, explode in a supernova, releasing an incredible amount of energy and often leaving behind dense remnants such as neutron stars or black holes. Ultimately, stars meet their end in one of these ways. Low-mass stars like the Sun will shed their outer layers, forming a beautiful nebula, while massive stars become supernovae and, in some cases, collapse into a black hole. These processes are fundamental to the formation of elements and the evolution of galaxies.
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