PHYS110-Fall2023-Lab12

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University of Notre Dame *

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110

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Astronomy

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Dec 6, 2023

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1 Name:_______________ Date:________________ PHYS 110L Lab # 12 Exploring the Universe ─ The Hubble Ultra Deep Field 1 Equipment: 1) Download the latest version of Word so that the “ Draw ” feature is available. 2) Access the Hubble Ultra Deep Field image at the following URL: http://www.spacetelescope.org/static/archives/images/screen/heic0406a.jpg 3) Access the SkyWalker website at the following URL: http://www.aip.de/groups/galaxies/sw/udf/swudfV1.0.html Instructions: Please read and follow the steps described below and answer all questions. Part #1 Exploring the Hubble Ultra Deep Field The Hubble Space Telescope image known as the “Hubble Ultra Deep Field” reveals a variety of previously unknown objects in the very distant universe that can be systematically and scientifically counted, organized, and classified. Step 1. Access the online Hubble Space Telescope Image at the first link above. You might be able to make it larger and smaller by “left clicking” on the image with your mouse. Most of these objects are galaxies far, far from Earth. However, a few objects are nearby stars, as indicated by “four points” on the image, like shown at right. Question 1: How many stars can you find? 7 or 8 1 Modified from Engaging in Astronomical Inquiry , by S. J. Slater, T. F. Slater, and D. J. Lyons, 2010, W. H. Freeman and Company. Learning Objectives: In this lab assignment you will conduct a series of inquiries to explore the different types of galaxies using the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra Deep Field.
2 Step 2. Again, most of the objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field image are not individual stars but are distant galaxies — isolated collections of millions or billions of stars that look like a tiny dot or cloud. Determine how many galaxies are found in the image. Since counting each galaxy is not practical, one strategy for estimating the total number is to precisely count the number of galaxies in one small section of the image, then multiply the result by the appropriate number so that we have an estimate for the number of galaxies in the whole image. For example, if we count the number of galaxies in ¼ of the image, then we multiply the result by 4 to find the approximate number of galaxies in the entire image (note that even this is impractical, as ¼ of the image still contains too many galaxies to count one by one). Keep in mind, every point of light that is not a star that you identified above is indeed a galaxy … even the smallest dots! Question 2: What is the total number of galaxies in this image?
3 896 galaxies Question 3: Write one or two sentences describing how you arrived at this number and show all calculations: I got a estimated total of 896 galaxies by calculating the total I counted in one box on the deep field image which was 56 so I simply multiplied 56 x 16 boxes = 896 Step 3. Some of the galaxies are orange-red in color, while others are white and still others are blue. Question 4: What is the most common color of a galaxy in the image? Precisely explain how you determined this, not just “I looked and saw more of this color.” After analyzing the deep field image I noticed the most common galaxy color was Blue, I came to this conclusion by analyzing each of the 16 boxes I divided the image by and the most common color was Blue. Step 4. If we assume that all galaxies in this image have the same diameter, then the ones that are close appear larger and the ones that are more distant appear smaller. Question 5: Are most of the galaxies in this image relatively near or relatively far? What is your evidence? After looking at the deep field image most of the galaxies appear relatively far from us, they look like little dots on the image. Part #2 Most Common Galaxy Type Step 5. Access the interactive Ultra Hubble Deep Field site through the SkyWalker website at: http://www.aip.de/groups/galaxies/sw/udf/swudfV1.0.html The green circle in the top left-hand corner is a sort of “ magnifying glass ” that you can drag around that will let you look at close-up portions of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Note that the picture is about 8 green circles wide and 10 green circles tall, for a total of about 80 green circles over the whole image.
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