ASTM101_online_HW4_V2 (2) (1)

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Astronomy

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Apr 3, 2024

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Unit 4 Homework Name: Imad Masood All homework in this course assumes that students have read and have access to the course notes. 1. What is the composition of the interstellar medium? The composition of the interstellar medium is glass, cosmic rays, and dust particles. 2. What is a nebula? A nebula is made of various gases and dust particles in space which forms to make a cloud. View this image before answering the question 2 below: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dark_nebulae#/media/File:Snake_Nebula.jpg 3. Argue how astronomers know that the ISM exists due to what is observed in the image linked above. Astronomers know that the ISM exists due to the interstellar dust which blocks the light proving the astronomers right. Go to this link: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/energy-skate-park-basics/latest/energy-skate-park- basics_en.html Click on the “Intro” box. Check the Speed box in the upper right-hand panel. Click on the skater and drag him to the top of the skate ramp. 4. How does the speed of the skater at the top of the ramp compared to the speed of the skater at the bottom of the ramp? The speed of the skater at the top of the ramp is higher because the skater is at the top of the ramps versus the speed of the skater at the bottom of the ramp who has the less speed compared to the skater at the top of the ramp. 5. What causes the skater to move down the ramp? The force gravity causes the skater to move down the ramp from the top. 6. Compare the behavior of the skater to the behavior of a gas particle in a proto star.
Gravity pulls everything to the center like the gas particles in a proto star because everything is also pulled towards the center. Start the next section of the homework by opening the Class Action Program. The directions to download the Class Action Program are in the Unit 1 folder. Once running go to Stellar Properties, Animations (lower left), HR Explorer. The left-hand panel of this simulation allows you to compare stars to the Sun. The surface temperature of the Sun is 5700K. The luminosity and radius of the star is given in terms of the Sun’s characteristics. For example, 2L would have a luminosity twice that of the Sun but 0.5L would be a luminosity half of the Sun’s. The simulation should be originally set for the Sun. Click the reset button in the upper right-hand corner to make sure. Use the sliding bar in the left-hand panel to increase the temperature of the star while leaving the luminosity the same. 7. What happens to the radius of the star? The radius of the star becomes smaller. Now decrease the temperature to below the surface temperature of the Sun. 8. What happens to the radius of the star? The radius of the star becomes bigger. Click the reset button in the upper right-hand corner of the simulation. Increase the luminosity of the star without changing the surface temperature. 9. What happens to the radius of the star? The radius of the star becomes bigger. Now decrease the luminosity to below that of the Sun. 10. What happens to the radius of the star? The radius of the star becomes smaller. Click the reset button in the upper right-hand corner of the simulation. Check the show luminosity classes box in the lower right-hand panel of the simulation.
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