GESCI 101 Unit 2 Study Guide (1) (1)
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School
Brigham Young University, Idaho *
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Course
101
Subject
Astronomy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
8
Uploaded by KidFangScorpion3
1
U
NIT
2 S
TUDY
G
UIDE
This document identifies the terms, concepts, and skills that we invite you to master as part of your learning for
this unit. It also includes a description of the test.
L
IST
OF
T
ERMS
& C
ONCEPTS
The list below provides the terms and concepts that we invite you to learn, organized by topic #. The space to
the right allows you to define/describe each term/concept. #
Term/Concept/Skill
Definition/Description
2.6
Planet (rocky, gaseous, or icy)
icy (comets), rocky (Asteroids), 2.6
Planetesimal
A relatively small, irregularly shaped, solid object that orbits a star
2.6
Solar/planetary system
comprises 8 planets, approximately 170 natural planetary satellites (moons), and countless asteroids, meteorites, and comets. 2.6
Star
A gaseous object large enough to fuse (or have fused) elements in its interior
2.6
Normal star
A star that is in a balanced state between the outward push from fusion and the inward pull of gravity
2.6
Giant star
for low-mass star, the stage following the normal star stage is the giant star stage 2.6
Mini star
for a low-mass star, the stage following the planetary nebula stage is the mini star stage 2.6
Nebula(ae)
nebulae (the plural form of nebula) are clouds of gas, dust, and other space particles found within a defined region of space. Most nebulae are comprised of hydrogen and helium, two elements that constitute the building blocks of stars. 2.6
Galaxy
A massive, glowing aggregate of stars, nebulae, and planets held together by gravity
2.6
Spiral galaxy
A galaxy comprised of a relatively thin, pinwheel-shaped disk of stars and
nebulae that orbits a central bulge consisting mostly of older stars 2.6
Elliptical galaxy
2
#
Term/Concept/Skill
Definition/Description
2.6
Irregular galaxy
2.6
Galaxy cluster
2.6
Galactic Void
2.6
Universe
2.7
When humanity observes light from an astronomical object such as a star or galaxy, what does the distance to the object indicate about the age of the light?
2.7
Wavelength
2.7
Amplitude
2.7
Spectrum
2.7
Continuous Spectrum
2.7
Emission Spectrum
2.7
Absorption Spectrum
2.7
Color of a star
2.7
Brightness of a star
2.7
Doppler Effect
2.7
Redshift
2.7
Blueshift
2.8
Nebula(ae)
2.8
Nuclear fusion
2.8
Stable isotope
2.8
Radioactive isotopes
3
#
Term/Concept/Skill
Definition/Description
2.8
Half-life
2.8
Where do most heavy elements form?
2.9
White Dwarf star
2.9
Neutron star
2.9
Black hole
2.9
Life cycle of stars (general)
2.9
What states and transitions comprise the life cycle of low-mass stars (<8 times the Sun’s mass)?
2.9
What states and transitions comprise the life cycle of high-mass stars (8-20 times the Sun’s mass)?
2.9
What states and transitions comprise the life cycle of high-mass stars (>20 times the Sun’s mass)?
2.9
What types of materials combine to form planetesimals and planets?
2.9
Is the matter in our solar systems uniformly distributed (diffuse) or clumpy (concentrated)? If clumpy, describe what produces the pattern. 2.9
Are the materials that comprise planetesimals and planets in our solar system (rock, metal, ice, gas) uniformly distributed or do they display a pattern? If patterned, describe the pattern and explain what
produces the pattern.
2.9
Do planetary bodies in our solar system orbit the sun randomly or in approximately the same direction? If they orbit in about the same direction/plane, describe the pattern and explain why.
2.9
Do the planets in our solar system spin randomly or in about the same direction? If they rotate approximately uniformly, describe the pattern and explain why.
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