Cellular Metabolism Exam 1 Gift

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University of South Florida *

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Biology

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Jun 18, 2024

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Cellular Metabolism Exam 1: The Gift N.B.: Due to randomization, questions may not appear in the exact order shown. The notation “[REDACTED” indicates one or more words are not shown in that position. Any questions that involve figures will not have the figures shown. Please color code your answers: ( green=99% certain, orange=50-75% certainty, red=uncertain ) TEAMwork is Dreamwork! Let’s get some :) Please include alternative questions/answers and not just the answer to old test questions! Cursor parking lot: ` S Parking R Parking Gold Zone Note: This was copy/pasted from when I took Biochemistry from a previous semester with Dr. Daniel lol ~What does this mean? 1. From the biomolecules listed, identify those that can [REDACTED]: (Select all that apply) be used for energy ~assuming from challenges overview questions ● Proteins - structure/catalysis ● Nucleic acids - information storage/ coenzyme ● Lipids - cell signaling/ membranes ● Carbohydrates - storage/ source of electrons 2. Match the eukaryotic subcellular structure with its function. **This was a question on the overview quiz** Nucleus: Genetic Expression Lysosome: Cellular Digestion Mitochondria: ATP Production Rough ER: Secreted Protein Production Cytoplasm: Cellular Protein Synthesis

3. How was metabolism to be determined to be [REDACTED] a highly conserved system across species? ** This was a quiz question on the overview quiz** Glycolysis was found in yeast and animals 4. Which of the lysosomal-based diseases manifests due to [REDACTED] dramatically reduced but still present activity of a particular enzyme? **This was a quiz question on the overview quiz** Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease 5. What is the best way to distinguish between Wolman's Disease and Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease? Wolman’s Cholesterol Ester Both - Premature Stop Codon - Lethal by Age 1 - Point Mutation instead of a stop codon - Can be managed with dietary managing and pharmacologics - Exon Splice Error - Involve enzyme failure in the lysosome 6. From the elements presented below, identify those elements that are needed in trace amounts [REDACTED]: ** This was a quiz question on the overview quiz** - Oxygen - Phosphorous - Cobalt - Selenium - Carbon - Zinc Potentially Other: Needed in trace amounts by humans: · Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, I Primary elements of life: · H, C, N, O, Na, K, Ca, P, S, Cl (mainly H, C, N, O)

7. A patient presents at [REDACTED] (an age greater than 1) with significant exogenous cholesterol accumulation in all body tissues. Which [REDACTED] genetic error is this patient most likely to have? ** This was a quiz question on the overview quiz** Exon Splicing Error 8. Match the disease with [REDACTED] the genetic error that causes it. **This was a question on the overview quiz** Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease: Exon Splice Error Wolman's Disease: Premature Stop Codon 9. Which of the two lysosomal-based diseases listed is [REDACTED] lethal at an early age ? **This was a question on the overview quiz** Wolman's Disease ---------- (Ebb and Flow Questions figure not shown) (can use this as an example) 10. Which of the following likely results in a [REDACTED] at enzyme 2? (Select all that apply) ** Question in Ebb and Flow Quiz** (indirectly question 2) Inc in forward activity? / dec in forward activity Conc of E to increases/ Conc of E dec 11. Which enzymes are [REDACTED] regulated? (Select all that apply) Most likely is asking which are highly regulated. (Highly regulated enzymes are those that are unidirectional) 12. Which substrate is likely to bind [REDACTED] on which enzyme? (Select a substrate and an enzyme)

13. If there was an increase in substrate C, which enzyme is likely to [REDACTED] likely to decrease activity in the forward direction? ** Question in Ebb and Flow Quiz** Enzyme 2 14. A technician, [REDACTED], performs an experiment on this pathway and notes enzyme 8 is inhibited and accumulation of C occurs with acceleration of enzyme 4 in the forward direction. [REDACTED] states that this is due to reverse flow of enzyme 6 and substrate F being converted to substrate C via enzyme 6. What error if any has [REDACTED] made? 15. If concentration of C decreases, which pathway [REDACTED] first? 16. Which of the following could result in a Km [REDACTED] of enzyme [REDACTED]? (End of Ebb and Flow Question set) ---------- 17. From the list below, select the reasons that [REDACTED] do not apply to cellular systems. (Select all that apply) The Le Chatelier principle doesn't apply to cellular systems because cells are not at equilibrium and do not try to reach equilibrium; they try to achieve a steady state. OR - Cellular systems are open systems with large interconnected pathways - ‘Irreversible’ reactions NOT found in beaker - No equilibrium in cell 18. In a cellular system, the concentration of a metabolite is noted to be 50mM. Over time this metabolite drops to 25mM. What is the expected response of the system? Km represents the concentration so if it lowering then the active site and the ES complex are strong (stronger binding affinity) The System is expected to take the product and flow back to the metabolite to try and achieve its steady state again or pull metabolite from upstream reactions to achieve its steady state. 19. Evaluate the provided statement. Determine if the statement is correct or incorrect. If the statement is incorrect determine if the error is in clause (A) or clause (B). (A) Km is a value that [REDACTED] 1/2 of Vmax; (B) if Vmax is 200 units per second then [REDACTED]. A) is; B) is 100 units per second **Question from Enzyme 1 quiz** Both (A) and (B) are incorrect 20. [REDACTED] is an electron carrier with a similar purpose to NAD. However, what distinguishes [REDACTED] from NAD? - FAD, contains higher oxidative activity than NAD

- FAD is tightly or covalently bound to the enzyme and does not get released. NAD is not tightly or covalently bound and can be released into a pool of coEnzymes. - FAD accommodates 2 Hydrogens; NAD accepts 1 Hydrogen - OR if it refers to NADP v NAD: NADP is anabolic and NAD is catabolic 21. Match the free energy term with the free energy value: ΔG>0 - reaction is non spontaneous or unfavorable ΔG<0 - reaction is spontaneous or favorable ΔG=0 - reaction at equilibrium 22. Evaluate the provided statement. Determine if the statement is correct or incorrect. If the statement is incorrect determine if the error is in clause (A) or clause (B). (A) An isozyme is a [REDACTED] enzyme found in [REDACTED] cellular location; (B) therefore, isozymes [REDACTED] gene. A) variant, different; B) come from the same gene ~question from enzyme 1 quiz B) is incorrect 23. Given the following determine if the overall reaction (A --> D) is favorable, unfavorable, or at equilibrium. A --> B --> C --> D • A --> B [REDACTED] • B --> C [REDACTED] • C --> D [REDACTED] If you add all the steps (A—>B,B→C,C→D) and the number is positive it is un favorable If you add all the steps (A—>B,B→C,C→D) and the number is negative it is favorable If you add all the steps (A—>B,B→C,C→D) and the number is zero it is at equilibrium 24. At which point is an enzyme is most likely in [REDACTED] conformation? ~from enzymes 1 quiz If REDACTED refers to “Lowest energy” the answer would be transition state 25. Given the following determine the [REDACTED]. Provide only a numerical answer. Km = [REDACTED] M Vmax = [REDACTED] units/second S = [REDACTED] M What is [REDACTED] → Potentially asking for the velocity

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