Boyd_Ch17-Wilkins’ Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist, 13e

1. The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends you replace toothbrushes every: a) 3 months b) 6 months c) 9 months d) 1 year 2. What represents the most common obstacle to good oral hygiene among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities? a) Cavities b) Individual resistance and lack of staff follow through c) When individuals refuse to brush with toothpaste d) Negative attitudes about visiting the dentist 3. A small dark spot or hole on the tooth may indicate the presence of: a) An abscess b) A cavity c) A root canal d) Tartar 4. Foam blocks or bite blocks are meant to help with what part of the brushing process? a) Getting better access to an individual's mouth b) Getting the job done quicker  c) Covering more of the tooth surface d) Gripping the tooth brush more easily 5. Serious pain in the mouth usually starts when: a) Tooth decay progresses and affects delicate nerve endings  b) The tooth develops a…

Which of the following is NOT true about dental plaque?(a) It is an intermittently formed coating of microbes andorganic matter on tooth surfaces that serve as the firststep in tooth decay and gum disease.(b) It begins as positively charged salivary proteins adhereto negatively charged enamel surfaces, forming a pellicle(film) over the tooth surface.(c) Streptococcus mutans attaches to the pellicle where ithydrolyzes sucrose to fructose and glucose, or polymersof glucose that serve as bridges, holding together cells inplaque.(d) Plaque consists of up to 30 different genera of bacteriaand their products, such as polymers of glucose (dex-tran), saliva proteins, and minerals.(e) Plaque that is allowed to accumulate in crevices near thegumline can change into anaerobic pockets full of bacte-ria that can irritate the gums or destroy underlying bone.

Which intervention is effective in preventing diaper dermatitis in infants? A) Limiting diaper changes B) Using highly fragranced wipes C) Keeping the diaper area dry and clean D) Applying talcum powder generously

What is the best practice for preventing pressure ulcers in bedridden patients? A) Keeping the patient in one position for comfort B) Checking skin integrity once a week C) Frequent repositioning and skin assessments D) Applying high-friction bedding materials

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Which of the types of sputum would you most likely suspect to see in a ptient with lung cancer? A) Hemoptysis B) Pink and frothy C) Thick and green or brown D) Thin and yellow or pale gray

Which factor contributes to the development of pressure ulcers in bedridden patients? a) Regular repositioning every 12 hours b) Adequate hydration and nutrition c) Friction and shearing forces on the skin d) Use of pressure-reducing mattresses

Q10) True or False? Peptic ulcer could be genetic a) True b) False

A patient is being prepared for a colonoscopy. The nurse expects which laxative to be used as preparation for this procedure? a )methylcelluloseb) docusate sodiumc )PEG-3350d )glycerin

How would the severity of the common cold be classified?   a)acute b)chronic c)latent

Which of the following statements about plaque psoriasis is true? a)the disease lesion only occurs after the skin is physically wounded b)altered CCN function is reflected by increased macrophages , mast cells and dendritic cells in the dermal layer c)in considering the 7 outputs to health and wellness, psoriasis only appears to negatively impact the "physical" d)in psoriasis, the keratinocytes do not divide rapidly enough to maintain skin structure

Adenoviral infections and the common cold are botha) caused by picornaviruses.b) often associated with fever.c) associated with severe sore throat.d) lower respiratory infections.e) avoided by handwashing.

These are adverse effects of St. John's Wort: A) sleepiness B) joint pain C) cough D) many drug interactions

Which statement among A-E is false concerning digestive system and gastrointestinal (GI) tract infections? A) O The more severe forms of gastroenteritis, like dysentery, produce abdominal cramps, fever, and blood. B) ORehydration and electrolyte replacement are typically the treatment for those with GI tract infections. C) O Invasive GI tract infections are caused by intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella and certain E coli. D) O Among protozoal pathogens, Giardia is a major cause of gastroenteritis. E) O Most GI tract infections are due to viruses. F) OA-E are all correct.

Chlamydia may result in any of the following except A) urethritis in males. B) neonatal conjunctivitis. C) pelvic inflammatory disease in women. D) severe neurological disorders such as seizures, vertigo, memory and sensory impairment, and paralysis. E) pelvic pain with fever in women.

6) which form of oral medication will be absorbed most quickly? a) Tablets b) Enteric coated tablets c) Capsules d) Suspension solutions

A parent calls to ask about giving a medication for diarrhea to his child, 12 years of age, who is recovering from the flu. The nurse expects the prescriber to recommend which medication? a) bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)b )Lactobacillus GG (Culturelle)c )belladonna alkaloid/phenobarbital combination (Donnatal Elixir)d) loperamide (Imodium A-D)

Which one of the following organisms is most commonly implicated in acute hematogenous osteomyelitis() A) Serratia marcescens B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa C) Escherichia coli D) Staphylococcus epidermidis E) Staphylococcus aureus

lndications for surgical removal of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder include() A) Size greater than 0.5 cm B) Presence of clinical symptoms C) Patient age of over 25 years D) Presence of multiple small lesions E) Absence of shadowing on ultrasound

125. A 37-year-old man develops a recurrent episode of pseudomembranous colitis shortly after completing an initial course of oral metronidazole therapy. Which of the following best explains the recurrence? A) The bacterial strain can form spores that persist in the gastrointestinal tract B) Other gastrointestinal flora have degraded the metronidazole CC) The patient has an underlying gastrointestinal tract disorder OD) Systemic therapy is necessary to eradicate this infection

2. The patient has signs of pellagra, symmetrical dermatitis on the rear surface of the hand, neck, face, stomatitis. The patient complains of nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, lack of appetite, headaches, dizziness, depression. a) what vitamin deficiencies cause these symptoms? b) what coenzyme synthesis is reduced in this situation?

Collections of bacteria that adhere to the surface of teeth are 1)Dental caries 2)Dental plaque 3)Halitosis 4)Periodontal disease

Which type of wound healing occurs when the wound edges are not approximated and healing occurs by granulation tissue formation? a) Primary intention b) Tertiary intention c) Secondary intention d) Regenerative healing

What is a critical aspect of care for a patient receiving enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube? A) Flushing the tube with hot water to prevent clogs B) Elevating the head of the bed during and after feedings C) Administering feedings quickly to prevent discomfort D) Using a syringe to forcefully administer feedings if the flow is slow

Which one of the following statements about bacterial vaginosis is false?a) It is the most common vaginal disease in women ofchildbearing age.b) In pregnant women, it is associated with premature delivery.c) Inflammation of the vagina is a constant feature of the disease.d) The vaginal microbiota shows a significant decrease inlactobacilli and a marked increase in anaerobic bacteria.e) The cause is unknown.

Which of these statements concerning foodborne botulism is false?a) It is not a central nervous system infection.b) Blurred vision is an early symptom.c) Food can taste normal but still cause botulism.d) Treatment is based on choosing the correct antibiotic.e) Control of the disease depends largely on proper food-canning techniques.

A patient in the ICU is receiving enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. The nurse monitors the patient for potential complications of enteral feeding, including: a) Constipation and urinary retention b) Hyperglycemia and hypernatremia c) Diarrhea and aspiration pneumonia d) Hypotension and hypothermia

Name four of the major components of dental plaque.