All_Past_Questions_1

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1902

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Quiz 1: When frightened, a Killdeer "freezes" and its breast bands protect it because they: ● are disruptive patterns that break up the Killdeer's shape Savannah Sparrows have vertical line patterns on their bodies, similar to the vertical lines of the grasses in the meadow habitats they inhabit. What do we call this form of camouflage? ● Background matching These plant chemical defences interfere with an animal's digestion by binding to digestive enzymes: ● Alkaloids Which of these is NOT TRUE concerning how animals stay warm or prevent body parts from freezing in winter: ● more warm blood is pumped into the legs and feet to prevent them from freezing Yarding in White-tailed Deer and flocking in American Crows are examples of: ● Group defence (safety in numbers) A moth sits camouflaged on a tree trunk. When disturbed, it opens its wings and two large eyespots appear. These: ● Startle the predator Insects that swim at the surface of ponds often exhibit this defence principle: ● Bicolouration How do hormones like phytoecdysones differ from phytojuvenile hormones? ● If an insect eats a plant with phytoecdysones the insect will mature too quickly and die, while phytojuvenile hormones keep insects in their juvenile stage. Why do snakes use hibernacula in winter? ● Snakes are ectotherms and use hibernacula to avoid freezing temperatures Which of these IS NOT an underlying principle of Batesian Mimicry: ● Mimics are generally more common than the models Prey animals need to remain vigilant. Some of the adaptations they have for this are: ● Big ears and eyes on the side of their head Background matching is the same as masquerade ● False Animals that are night active might have which of the following? ● All of the above ○ Enhanced night vision ○ A reflective layer in the back of the eyes

○ Lots of rods in their eyes ○ Large eyes Giant Swallowtail caterpillars gain protection from their first defence. This is: ● Looking like bird droppings Bright colours worn by poisonous insects are known as: ● Aposematic colouration These compounds reduce an animal's ability to digest plant tissues: ● All of the above ○ Silica ○ Cellulose ○ Tannins ○ Hemicellulose When attacked, Virginia Opossums appear to "grow larger" by filling themselves with air. ● False Match the following plant defences with their corresponding description. ● Modified Leave = Spines ● Epidermal Outgrowths = Prickles ● Modified Branches = Thorns ● Plant hairs that are often glandular = Trichomes ● Physical Protective Armour = Bark Where are you likely to find small mammals such as Deer Mice, Meadow Voles, and Short-tailed Shrews in winter? ● In the subnivean space where they remain active Match the species to the appropriate defence ● Playing Dead = Hog Nosed Snake ● Osmeterium = Giant Swallowtail Caterpillar 2nd Defence ● Colour change to background match = Gray tree frog ● Fake eye spots always on display = Eyed elater ● Masquerade = Walking stick When small birds find an owl, they often do this: ● Give alarm calls and form a mob to harass the owl Autotomy is the ability to shed a body part and sometimes regrow it. This is a defence of: ● Five-lined skinks Carpenter Ants protect Woolly Aphids because: ● Ants eat the sugar water excreted by the aphids Female Photuris fireflies sequester their toxins from male Photinus fireflies that they deceive by mimicking the flash patterns of female Photinus fireflies.

● True Mixed species flocks include several different types of birds that all eat the same food source, while single species flocks tend to have members that eat different food sources. ● False Porcupine quills are coated with antibiotics and when raised show an aposematic pattern ● True When several unrelated animals all possess a powerful defence and all look alike, the principle is known as: ● Mullerian mimicry Terpenoids: ● taste bitter and thus serve to deter an animal from eating a plant Which of the following adaptations would NOT be expected for an animal living in cold environments: ● large extremities What might happen if there are more Batesian mimics than models? ● Predators will have fewer bad experiences, so predation of mimics will increase Midterm Bright colours worn by poisonous animals are known as: ● aposematic colouration An animal whose upper surface contains light and dark blotches would likely be found: ● on the forest floor Which statement is NOT TRUE concerning herbivores: ● The caecum of a Snowshoe Hare or Beaver is analogous to a bird's gizzard Match the term with the appropriate example. ● Snowy owl colour = Gloger’s rule ● Lemming tail = Allen’s rule ● Beaver tail = Counter-current heat exchange ● Ruffed grouse = Snow bed ● Common shrew = Subnivean space Black-capped Chickadees stay warm on cold nights by: ● All of the above ○ Shivering ○ Fluffing up feathers to trap more air ○ Sleeping in a sheltered site such as a tree cavity ○ Entering torpor

This is NOT TRUE concerning bird migration: ● Most of the birds that migrate each year successfully return to the same place that they left from Cryptochrome: ● is a photopigment used for navigation during migration On hot days, Turkey Vultures excrete on their legs to lose heat by evaporative cooling. ● True Some animals are "freeze tolerant." In plants, the analogous adaptation is known as: ● Cold hardiness An analogous structure: ● has the same function as an adaptation on another animal but arises from a different part of the body This animal has a reversible toe to help capture prey: ● Osprey Flocking in birds offers this main benefit: ● there are more eyes to watch for danger and the odds of being caught are lessened for each member of a flock Inchworms are caterpillars that look exactly like twigs in their shape and colour. This defence is known as: ● Masquerade A harmless moth that is green and brown looks just like a harmless beetle that is also green and brown. This is an example of: ● none of the above If a young insect eats Balsam Fir, it remains in its immature stage and never matures into the adult stage because of: ● phytojuvenile hormones Orb-weaver Spiders build beautiful flight intercept traps ● True Which of these IS NOT an adaptation for surviving sub-zero temperatures: ● birds building up stores of brown fat to be burned at night to generate heat Monarch butterfly caterpillars are not good to eat because they contain cardiac glycosides (terpenoids) acquired from milkweed leaves. The way they get the toxins is known as: ● Sequestering Which of these IS NOT an adaptation for eating seeds:

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