Transcription Translation A17a (1)
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Transcription Translation A17
Your Names
1
1.
Fill in the table:
Transcription
Translation
Where does this process occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
What is the enzyme that carries out this process?
RNA polymerase
Ribosomal enzymes
What is the template that is read during this process?
DNA
RNA
In what direction is the template read?
3’ → 5’
5’→ 3’
What is the start signal/sequence for this process?
Promoter
Start codon
What is the polymer that is formed?
RNA
Polypeptide
What monomer is used to form this polymer?
Ribonucleotides
Amino acids
What type of bond is formed between monomers?
Phosphodiester
Peptide
In what direction is the new polymer formed?
5’→ 3’
N → C
Amino to carboxyl
What is the stop signal/sequence for this process?
Transcription Terminator
Stop codon
2.
Below is the double-stranded DNA sequence of part of a hypothetical yeast genome,
which happens to contain a very small gene. Transcription starts at the Transcription
Start Site (TSS) after the promoter (shown in yellow), and proceeds in the direction of
the arrow. Transcription stops at the end of the Transcription Terminator (shown in
blue).
a)
Which strand of DNA shown, the top or the bottom, is the template strand? bottom
b)
What is the sequence of the mRNA produced from this gene? Label the 5’ and 3’ ends. 5’ GAGCCAUGCAUUAUCUAGAUAGUAGGCUCUGAGAAUUUAUCUC 3’
c)
What is the sequence of the protein produced from the mRNA in (b)? Label the N and C
termini. N-Met-His-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Leu-C
d)
If a mutation were found where a T/A (top/bottom) base pair were added immediately
after the T/A base pair shown in bold, what would be the sequence of the mRNA? What
would be the sequence of the protein? 5’ GAGCCAUGCAUUUAUCUAGAUAGUAGGCUCUGAGAAUUUAUCUC 3’ N-Met-His-Leu-Ser-Arg-C
3.
Shown below is a double-stranded bacterial (E. coli) DNA sequence coding for a
hypothetical protein. Both strands are shown; the top strand reads 5’ to 3’ left to right,
while the bottom strand reads 5’ to 3’ right to left. The nucleotides are numbered 1 to
100. NOTE: For this problem, transcription begins with and includes the red and
underlined C/G (top strand/bottom strand) base pair and RNA polymerase proceeds
from left to right along the DNA.
a)
Which strand is used as a template for transcription, the top or the bottom? bottom
b)
Where would the promoter be relative to the start of transcription?
The promoter would be to the left of the transcription start site
c)
What are the first 15 nucleotides of the resulting mRNA? Indicate the 5' and 3' ends
of the mRNA. 5’ CUAAUAUUGUGAGAU 3’
d)
What are the first 5 amino acids translated from the resulting mRNA? Indicate the
amino (NH+3) and carboxy -(COO) termini of the protein. N Met-Leu-Tyr-Pro-Ala C
e)
Do the underlined nucleotides TAA (indicated in blue) encode a stop codon for the
protein? Briefly explain your answer. No. The underlined TAA is not read as TAA
because of the reading frame. The sequence GA
TAA
T forms the codons: GAU AAU
Consider the situations in parts (f-h) independently.
f)
A mutation occurs which results in the insertion of an extra G/C (top strand/bottom
strand) base- pair immediately after base pair 11 (shown in bold). What effect will
this insertion mutation have on the mRNA transcript and resulting protein? The
mRNA will be longer by one nucleotide, but because the insertion is prior to the
start codon, the protein is unchanged.
g)
A different mutation results in the substitution of the T/A base pair at position 30
(shown in bold and underlined) with a G/C base pair. How would this mutation
affect the sequence of the protein that is produced? The codon UAU encoded Tyr,
but now it is UAG, a stop codon. The protein is truncated.
h)
A third mutation occurs which results in the substitution of the C/G base pair at
position 42 (shown in bold italics) to a T/A base pair. How would this mutation
Transcription Translation A17
Your Names
3
affect the sequence of the protein that is produced? The codon AAC which encoded
Asn, now is AAU, which also encodes Asn. The protein is unchanged
4.
A mutation is found in a tRNA-encoding gene. The wild type allele produces a tRNA that
recognizes the codon GA A, and is charged with the amino acid Glutamic acid. The
mutant tRNA is still charged with Glu, but the anticodon is mutated such that it
recognizes the codon TAA. What effect will this have on translation in these cells? How
will the proteins produced be different? It is important to recognize that, in normal cells,
the codon TAA is a stop codon. In the mutant cells, the stop codon TAA will sometimes
be bound by the mutant tRNA charged with Glutamic acid. In this case, the polypeptide
synthesis will continue past the stop codon and the protein made will be longer than
normal
5.
If 20% of the DNA in a guinea pig cell is adenine, what percentage is cytosine? Explain
your answer. If 20% is adenine, then 20% is thymine. The remaining 60% is composed
of
cytosine and guanine in equal percentages so that each makes up 30% of the DNA.
6.
What are snRNPs (pronounced "snurps")? Where do they function in the cell? The two
essential components of snRNPs are
protein
molecules and
RNA
. The RNA found within each snRNP particle is
known as
small nuclear RNA
, or
snRNA
, and is usually about 150
nucleotides
in length. The snRNA component of
the snRNP gives specificity to individual introns by "
recognizing
" the sequences of critical splicing signals at the 5'
and 3' ends and
branch site
of introns. The snRNA in snRNPs is similar to
ribosomal RNA
in that it directly
incorporates
both
an
enzymatic
and
a
structural
role.
snRNP
s
(pronounced
"snurps"),
or
s
mall
n
uclear
r
ibo
n
ucleic
p
articles
, are
RNA
-protein complexes that combine with unmodified
pre-mRNA
and
various other proteins to form a
spliceosome
, a large RNA-protein molecular complex upon which
splicing
of
pre-
mRNA
occurs. The action of snRNPs is essential to the removal of
introns
from
pre-mRNA
, a critical aspect of
post-
transcriptional modification
of RNA, occurring only in the
nucleus
of
eukaryotic cells
.
7.
Label the following regions of a mature mRNA:
1)
5’ cap
2)
5’UTR
3)
Coding region
4)
3’UTR
5)
PolyA tail
8.
Label the following regions or subunits, and explain something about them.
2
3
4
5
1
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Related Questions
Thx!
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Do all
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1
You will start with Transcription translation Sequence I.
You are allowed two attempts
1 point
Assemble the mRNA Transcription translation Sequence I.
546465-33-33-4448538854-266666668885-34-483-
If this was an eukaryote, what would you find in the leftmost cytosine?
5' Poly A tail
3' Poly A tail
5' Cap
3' Cap
2
3
$
4
er dº
5
6
7
8
9
0
+
11
Ne
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DNA
MANNMANN
B)
mRNA Transcription
Transport to cytoplasm for
protein synthesis (translation)
Mature mRNA
b
mRNA
Cell membrane
You are trying to explain to your classmate how DNA is used to make proteins. What should you include
explanation? Select ALL that apply.
During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to put
amino acids in place to make a protein.
During transcription, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to put
nucleotides in place to make a protein.
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TRANSCRIPTION
ein
The DNA provided for your animal is one side of the double helix.
DNA - MRNA
1. Transcribe the DNA strand into mRNA. Don't forget the special base pair
ham
AU
rules for RNA!
VERSION 2
TA
Fuentes-
2. Translate the mRNA into an amino acid chain. Notice that this is broken into 1
i nucleotide sequences called CODONS. Use the codon chart to find the
i correct amino acids. Remember, translation for each chain always starts with the
amino acid methionine (Met) and ends with one of the stop codons (UGA, UAG, UAA).
C G
G C
ity you
Co deter
y Fuentes-
code
DNA
TAC
TGG GGT
GT C
стс
TAG CTA ATC
TAC IG G AC G
cCc
ACC
GGT
ATG
ΑΤΤ
thousar
ytakes
And se
MRNA
d or create
AA
Turn in
1l tables
DNA
TAC
CAT
TAC
C GT
CCC
TC G
GT T
AT C
TAC
AAC
AGG
CCT
TT G
GC T
CCG ACT
MRNA
thesis
nments
AA
to Sean Che
comme
DNA
TAC TTG
GT T
CT C
CT G
тст
ACA ACT
TAC
CAT
CGA TTG GGG
T G T
TAG ATC
S comm
MRNA
AA
Decide if you want to illustrate a horse, coyote, or a cat - get the phenotype information from…
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Please help me I am a bit confused
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22
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Do all
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4
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You continue to study the expression of the hexose kinase gene and capture the following electron
micrograph of the gene being expressed.
MRNA
1
20
ORI
40
60
TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGIAATATĞGGGATGCACTATC
5'
3'
AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCA'NTATAÇCCCTACGTGATAG
CACTATC
promoter
RNA
polymerase
ribosome
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2:09 PM Sun Jan 22
RNA polymerase
The following drawing represents simultaneous transcription and translation in E. coli. Answer the questions below the drawing.
The arrow gives the direction of the RNA polymerase. (a) Is the letter A nearer the 5' or the 3' end of the molecule? (b) Is the
letter B nearer the 5' or the 3' end of the molecule? (c) Is the letter C nearer the 5' or the 3' end of the tRNA molecule? (d)
What is the "S" value for the large rRNA that is closest to the letter D? (e) Which terminus (N or C) of the growing polypeptide
chain is nearer to the letter E?
X₁
Direction of
Exe
∞xxx
ribosome
5'
3'
E
o
uswonline.blackboard.com
●●●
polypeptide chains
The figures below serve as supplemental materials for the question.
RNA
polymerase
RNA
Coding strand 5'.
Coding strand
amino acid
Template strand
ATGATCT CGTAA
RNA 5¹ AUG AUC
→ 3'
ITITI
B
TACTAGAGCATT
large subunit
of ribosome
3'
Template strand
3'
5⁰
Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save…
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Remember remove the introns! All introns start with GT and end with AG.
arrow_forward
Need help
Below is a strand of mRNA with three codons listed on the strand. Imagine the mRNA strand is in the cytoplasm of a cell and translation is in progress. Draw and label all the necessary main players needed for translation to occur. Included in your drawing should also bee 3 tRNAs , these 3 tRNAs should represent two different forms of tRNA.
MRNA 5' ------------AUG------------AGG----------GAG
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Help!
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Mutated DNA Sequence #2: T A C G A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T
What’s the mRNA sequence? (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence?
Will there likely be effects?
What kind of mutation is this?
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Do not use Ai
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Mutated DNA Sequence #1: T A C A C C T T G G G A C G A C T
What will be the corresponding mRNA sequence?
What will be the amino acid sequence?
Will there likely be effects?
What kind of mutation is this?
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RNA Transcription, Translation, and Mutation
Worksheet
First, here is a strand of DNA. This strand contains both a gene and its promoter region. Circle
the promoter region in blue, draw a yellow box around the TATA box, draw a green box around
the start codon, and draw a red box around the stop codon:
TATATATATTACGTTGCATACGCTCAACGGTCGAAACTGCATGGGCAC
ATATATATAATGCAACGTATGCGAGTTGCCAGCTTTGACGTACCCG
Now imagine this gene has been transcribed into RNA. What would that RNA strand look like?
Before the above RNA strand can be translated, a few modifications must first take place (in
eukaryotes). What are they?
1)
2)
3)
Using a codon chart of your choice (one can be found here, or here) translate the above RNA
transcript (assume no splicing took place). Write the three letter abbreviations for the amino
acids in the image below:
Now imagine that a mutation took place in the original strand of DNA (marked in red)
TATATATATTACGTTGCATACCCTCAACGGTCGAAACTGCATG…
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Both answer please
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Cynt
Classifying mutations
A certain section of the coding (sense) strand of some DNA looks like this:
$-ATGTATATCTCCAGTTAG-3"
It's known that a very small gene is contained in this section.
Classify each of the possible mutations of this DNA shown in the table below.
mutant DNA
5- ATGTATCATCTCCAGTTAG-3'
S-ATGTATATCTCCAGTTAG-3
5- ATGTATATATCCAGTTAG-3'
type of mutation
(check all that apply)
insertion
deletion
point
silent
noisy
insertion
O deletion
point
silent
noisy
insertion
O deletion
point
silent
Onoisy
X
G
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pcc300ATAAADATATAOOTTAA
1. Use the genetic code table and the information in the diagram below to
determine the amino acids that would make up the portion of the polypeptide
shown.
Include information for a key as well.
DNA template
3' G CATA ACAGAGGATT-5'
al bnsua AMAm pniwollot erfT E
transcription
s yd bnsita ebitgeqylog s sidmeaze of beae
RNA strandUU UAOUOUU A-emoaodin
5'-CGUA
AUUGUC UCCUUA- 3'
J J JL erit o elinW (s)
translation
bluow terdt aspnso sigootiwsone
polypeptide
viemetis ns ebivo19 (d)
ent ot etslanT
Key:
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6c and 6d
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Open reading frames...
correspond to introns, which are not read by the ribosome during translation
correspond to contiguous fragments of DNA sequence that do not contain a stop codon when read in a particular frame
correspond to contiguous fragments of DNA sequence that do not contain a stop codon when read in any of six frames
are often rich in acetylated histones which allow transcription
occur when fragments of DNA sequence are highly similar between two species
are recognized by ribosomes to initiate translation
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Multiple choice A. The role of tRNA in translation is to
be translated by a ribosome.
incorporate into a polypeptide chain.
attach amino acids to a polypeptide chain.
carry amino acids to the ribosome.
Multiple choice B.
Translation continues until
the ribosome falls off the end of the RNA.
the ribosome encounters a transcriptional termination site.
the ribosome encounters a stop codon.
the ribosome falls off the DNA.
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fill in the bubbles
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Please hand written not allowed.
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Sources of Variability
1. If a point mutation occurred so that adenine was changed to thymine in the amino acid triplet
code CTA, what would the resulting amino acid be?
3. What is the complementary DNA code for the following base sequence (from a section of DNA)?
ATG C C C G G C CT TATTTTCTACA
TGGT
b. What is the complementary mRNA code?
c. What is the tRNA code for this sequence?
ACTT
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Follow instructions fill out 2nd row circle stop codons
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Add-ons Help
Last edit was 4 minutes ago
Times New.. -
BIUA
11
+
Using the table
the other page- transcribe the RNA sequence int
codons and their amino acids:
CAU
TTG
TAU
UTA
AAA
TGG
GCG
Translation Mechanics
Now that you are an expert code breaker, we can start to talk about thanslation. Let's go over the key players in the
process.
MRNA. The mRNA is the code that is translated into a functional protein. It is created through transcription and a series
of subsequent editing steps, which we have described in detail already. The mature mRNA comprises codons that will
code for the production of a protein.
lili
日
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i struggled with my homework and i need help
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6. What codons ar e found in the mRNA for the two mutated DNA?
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