Post-tutorial 3 Assignment F2023 (2)

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Feb 20, 2024

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TUTORIAL 4: P OST -T UTORIAL A SSIGNMENT 1. Without redrawing the identical tree, draw a phylogenetic tree that is equivalent to the one shown below. (1 mark) Draw your equivalent tree in the space below:

2. Using exactly the same 3 species (species A, B, and C), draw a tree that is non-equivalent to the one shown below. (1 mark) Draw your non-equivalent tree in the space below: 3. How many monophyletic groups are present in the phylogenetic tree shown below? (1 mark) Number of monophyletic groups: 17

4. Use the table and space below to construct a phylogenetic tree. “1” indicates the presence of the trait and “0” indicates the absence of the trait. Ensure that the tree reflects the principle of maximum parsimony. (5 marks) Traits Species PTC Sweet Umami Sour Salty Mouse 0 1 1 1 1 Whale 0 0 0 0 1 Human 1 1 1 1 1 Cat 1 0 1 1 1 Panda 1 1 0 1 1 Chimpanzee 1 1 1 1 1 Draw your tree in the space below:

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5. Gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans are able to taste PTC, but chimpanzees and humans have also derived the capacity to be a non-taster via convergent evolution . Using the information in the table below, a student constructed the following phylogenetic tree in an attempt to reflect these derived traits. “1” indicates the presence of the trait and “0” indicates the absence of the trait. Traits Species PTC Taster Loss of PTC Taste Similar teeth, skull, and genitals Gorilla 1 0 0 Chimpanzee 1 1 1 Human 1 1 1 The student's tree:

Did the student draw the correct tree? If you answer yes, please explain why the tree is correct. If you answer no, please draw the correct tree. (2 marks) The drawing is wrong. There is a loss of PTC in chimpanzees + humans 6. a) One common misconception about human evolution is that humans evolved from chimpanzees. Using the information in the figure below, explain why this misconception is incorrect. (2 marks)

It is believed that humans evolved from chimpanzees due to the 98.7% similarity in the DNA sequences between humans and chimpanzees . However, humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor and thus are sister taxa. Despite sharing a common ancestor, they are not related to each other and have diverged in their evolutionary paths. If they split at the branch point, organism in two different taxa do not give rise to each other. b) According to the figure above, are humans more closely related to gorillas or chimpanzees? (1 mark) chimpanzees

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Grade: /13 Grade /45 TA Initials

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