06 Articulations FA23

Joint Articulations and Movement 1. Define the following terms with relation to joints: a. Uniaxial b. Blaxial C. Multiaxial 2. Examine the different joint articulations that follow. For each, indicate whether the joint is uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial. a. Plane joint - b. Hinge joint - c. Pivot joint - d. Condylold joint- e. Saddle Joint - f. Ball-and-socket joint-

13. Identify the structures labeled in Fig. 5.5. A. B. C. K. L. M. D. E. H. Does Fig. 5.5 represent an AP or a lateral perspective of the proximal humerus? joint F. G. Is this an internal or external rotation anteroposterior (AP) projection of the proximal humerus and shoulder? I. Are the epicondyles of the distal humerus parallel or perpendicular to the IR on this projection? Identify the structures labeled in Fig. 5.6. J. Fig. 5.5 Radiograph. N. What is the correct term to describe the projection shown in Fig. 5.6? Fig. 5.6 Radiograph. E

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12. Complete the following table by identifying the type of movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, etc.) that is described and the joint where the movement is occurring. Description of Movement Moving the thigh toward the torso, in the coronal plane 150 Rotating forearm and hand laterally so that palm faces anteriorly A bending action that elevates the soles, such as when you stand on your heels Bringing the thumb over to touch another digit Anterior bending of the forearm that decreases the angle between the arm and forearm EXERCISE 0 Articulations Type of Movement a. C. e. g. i. Joint Where Movement Is Occurring b. d. f. h. j. ohol.01

) The stability of synovial joints (e.g. Knee joint) depends on three factors. Which factor is the most important, and, what might we have noticed people doing (especially on St Patrick's Day!)  that supports your answer? Mention the other two factors in your answer

1. Please name the specific structural type of joint indicated by the red arrow. Please name the specific synovial joint classification indicated by the blue arrow. 2. 2.

Topic: Joints For the following joints, list: a) their structural type ; b) their functional type; and c) the movements allowed: a. Temporomandibular b. Atlanto-occipital c. Intervertebral (facet or between articular processes) d. Acromioclavicular e. Glenohumeral f. Elbow g. Radiocarpal h. Carpometacarpal of digit 1 i. Coxal j. Tibiofemoral k. Ankle

Case Scenario based upon Skeletal Joints: Leanne, age 48, jumped on her niece's hover board, only to be thrown off quickly.  As a result, she separated her right shoulder at an articulating point. An articulation is where two bones come together, otherwise, called a joint. A joint can be defined as the location where two bones come together allowing movement. What is the most commonly separated joint in the shoulder - name the joint and the two bones that articulate? What surrounding tissues might also be damaged?  How will the inflammation affect Leanne?   What is the difference between a separation and a dislocation? If Leanne had suffered a dislocation, what joint would this be and the bones involved?

6. There are 3 main types of joints. Complete the table, to show any similarities & differences in the structure and key characteristics between them. Make sure you also include an example of each type of joint and a simple diagram of each. Type of Joint 1. 2. 3. Anatomy of the joint Degrees of movement Diagram of basic joint Example

Can you fill the blank spaces from a to j.

1. It is the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body. any. A. Mobility B. Range of motion C. Gait D. Exercise and activity Rationale: 2. What type of joint is fits this description oval head of one bone fits into a shallow cavity of another bone; flexion-extension and abduction-adduction can occur? A. Ball-and-socket B. Condyloid C. Gliding D. Hinge Rationale: 3. Which of the following does NOT describe adduction? A. Move leg laterally away from body. B. Lower arm sideways and across body as far as possible. C. Place hand with palm down and extend wrist medially toward thumb. D. Move leg back toward medial position and beyond if possible. Rationale: 4. What should be assessed when planning patient activities such as walking, ROM exercises or ADLS? A. Exercise B. Activity tolerance C. Activity intolerance D. Disability Rationale: 5. If a patient is observed laterally while standing, how should the spinal curves be aligned? A. Aligned…

3. List the three types of fibrous joints that are seen in your skeleton model: 4. List the two types of cartilaginous joints that are seen in your skeleton model, clearly state where they are found: 5. List and describe the structures forming a synovial joint: 6. Identify the six types (examples) of synovial joints below: 7. Define and provide examples of the movements seen at a ball and socket synovial joint: Skeletal System: Articulations/Joints Laboratory 9

Fill in the table by identifying the type of joint, movement in a joint  and example according to the given range of motion. Choose the answers from Table A . Letters only for the answers. A. HInge joint B. Enarthrosis C. Condyloid D. Pivot E. Saddle F. Planar     G. Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction with minimal rotation  H. Rotation  I. Flexion, Extension  J. Gliding  K. Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction with no rotation  L. Flexion, extension   M. trapezium to base of M1 N. Occipital condyles to superior articular facet of atlas O. head of humerus to glenoid fossa P. head of proximal phalanx to base of middle phalanx Q. radial head to radial notch R. acromion process to acromial end     NONAXIAL UNIAXIAL BIAXIAL POLYAXIAL Type of joint 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. Movement  a a. a. a. a. a. Example b. b. b. b. b. b.

Synchondroses and symphyses are: a. synovial joints b. cartilaginous joints c. fibrous joints d. condyloid joints

21. Identify the bones in Figure 5-9 by labeling the leader lines identified as A, B, and C. Color the bones different colors. Using the following terms, com- plete the illustration by labeling all bone markings provided with leader lines. A. Trochlear notch Trochlea Radial tuberosity Capitulum Deltoid tuberosity Head (three) Styloid process B. Coronoid process Olecranon process Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Figure 5-9 5 gery

A. Fill in the missing joints in the body. Joints of the Human Body Name Examples (2) Туре Freely movable Movement Ball and Socket Free movements in all directions Flexion and extension 1. 2. 1. ulna) 2. Elbow (humerus, on one plane Pivot Rotation 1. Atlas and axis 2. Freely movable Gliding 1. Thumb 2. Slightly movable Bending, twisting and 1. slight compression Cartilaginous 2. Immovable Suture 1. (fused) 2.

We are focusing mainly on synovial joints, because this is the main type of joint that allows you to move your body. Using the diagram below, match the synovial joint structure with its description: -Periosteum E F A G D H- F V [ Choose ] A Friction-reducing hyaline cartilage that covers bone surfaces B Cavity filled with lubricating, nourishing, and shock-absorbing fluid Bands of dense regular connective tissue that connect muscle to bone and help stabilize joints Fluid-filled pocket that reduces friction between joint structures Bands of dense regular connective tissue that connect bones Cushions of fibrous cartilage that help guide joint movement E Protective outer wrapping made of dense irregular connective tissue One of the four body membranes; produces synovial fluid F G [ Choose ] [ Choose ]

Assume that a sharp object penetrated a synovial joint. Given thesestructures:(1) tendon or muscle(2) ligament(3) articular cartilage(4) fibrous capsule (of joint capsule)(5) skin(6) synovial membrane (of joint capsule)Choose the order in which they would most likely be penetrated.a. 5,1,2,6,4,3 d. 5,1,2,4,3,6b. 5,2,1,4,3,6 e. 5,1,2,4,6,3c. 5,1,2,6,3,4

For the following synovial joint movements: a) Define; and b) Give a real life example of the joint and movement. a. Flexion b. Extension c. Abduction d. Adduction e. Circumduction f. Supination g. Pronation h. Dorsiflexion i. Plantaflexion j. Mandible      i. Elevation      II, Depression      iii. Protraction      iv. Retraction

6. Distinguish between the three types of cartilaginous joints, cite an example of each of thethree types and indicate the location of the joint you have mentioned. 7. Clearly indicate the difference between the origin and insertion point of a muscle on a bone. 8. Define the term “articulation” and identify the factors that determine the degree ofmovement at a joint. 9. Clearly distinguish between the three following terms that are used to classify joints basedupon the degree of movement they permit: a. synarthroses, b. amphiarthroses; and c.diarthroses.

5) List and identify the movements permitted by synovial joints.

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1. Joints can be classified by structure and by function. How would youstructurally and functionally classify the joint involved in the injury in this case? 2. Name the six distinguishing features that define the structural classification of the joint involved in this injury. 3. The doctors noted that there were no bone fragments in the joint space. What is normally found in this space? 4. Surgeons had to remove a portion of Mrs. Tanner’s acetabular labrum. What is this structure and what function does it supply at this joint? 5. The doctors noted that Mrs. Tanner’s thigh was flexed at the hip, adducted, and medially rotated. Describe what this means in terms ofthe position of her leg. 6. Hip dislocations can be classified as anterior or posterior depending on which direction the head of the femur is facing after it dislocates. Based on the description you provided in question 5, which type of dislocation did Mrs. Tanner suffer? 7. In order to assess the joint as part of Mrs. Tanner’s…