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Biology

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Oct 30, 2023

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a. __________ - sphere shaped cells b. __________ - rod shaped cells c. __________—resemble rods, comma shaped. d. __________—rigid helices. e. __________—flexible helices. f. __________—network of long, multinucleate filaments. g. __________—organisms that are variable in shape. Bacterial Cell Organization Which of the following is not a function of plasma membrane? a. Membrane encompasses the cytoplasm an requires for all living systems. b. Membrane serves as a selectively permeable barrier. c. Membrane provides structural support of cell shape. d. Membrane interacts with external environment. Saturation levels of membrane lipids reflect environmental conditions. Under which condition, the bacterial membrane is composed of more saturated lipids? _________ reinforces and stiffens membranes in bacteria, which is functionally similar to sterols in eukaryotes. You study a bacterium that grows in very low-nutrient aqueous environments. Which type of transport mechanism is required to deliver nutrients from these environments where they are at a lower concentration than inside the cell? You have isolated a bacterium from the rumen of a cow and wish to know how it transports glucose into the cell. You perform an experiment that shows uptake of radioactively labeled glucose is equal when the organism is grown in media in the presence and absence of inhibitors of energy production. What is the mechanism of glucose transport in this cell? Which of the following is not a function of plasma membrane? a. Cell wall helps protect cells from osmotic shock b. Cell wall maintains shape of the bacterium c. Cell wall serves as a selectively permeable barrier. d. Archaeal cell wall is made of peptidoglycan e. Bacterial cell wall is made of sugar polymer and amino acids. Cell wall growth patterns of a variety of bacteria have been studied using fluorescently labeled D- amino acids. This approach has worked because... Compare the architectures of gram positive vs. gram negative envelops.

Gram staining Review Many intestinal bacteria are in the Proteobacteria and they appear pink under the gram stain procedure. How would you describe the envelop structure of these bacteria? Penicillin inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the cross-linking during peptidoglycan synthesis. Why does penicillin not inhibit growth of archaeal cells? Penicillin inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the cross-linking during peptidoglycan synthesis. How does it impact bacterial fitness? Bacterial Cytoplasmic Structures Cytoskeleton. Intracytoplasmic membranes. Inclusions. Ribosomes. Nucleoid. Plasmids. What would happen to the E.coli mutant strain lacking FtsZ protein? Name the bacterial cytoskeleton shown as green fluorescence. Name the bacterial cytoskeleton shown as green fluorescence. Mutation of _____ gene in E.coli may result the phenotypes as shown in B and C. A B C Many bacterial species exposed to antibiotics can quickly gain resistance. Especially, some bacteria express beta- lactamase to inactivate penicillin/ related antibiotics. However, their core genome does not contain such genes. What is the possible explanation of this enzyme expression under antibiotic treatment? External Structures Extend beyond the cell envelope in bacteria. Function in protection, attachment to surfaces, horizontal gene transfer, cell movement. • Pili and fimbriae. • Flagella. Pili, fimbriae, flagella Suppose Pasteur’s swan-necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy twenty-four hours after boiling. Which choice could best explain the turbidity

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