Chapter 22 Phylogenetics

Please answer question 3

1. Draw a phylogenetic tree 2. What is your organism of focus? 3. What did you learn about phylogenetic trees from the activity? 4. What did you learn about the evolution of your organism?

Task 1. Compare the appearance of a lynx, the bobcat, and mountain lion. Bobcat Mountain Lion Lynx

10. Taxonomy versus Phylogenetics For novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram. It may help you to frame your argument if you start by constructing a paragraph for yourself that says: "Before reading my paper, my reader will think X. After reading my paper, my reader will think y."

Chapter 1: Introduction to Biological Diversity 2. What does the phylogenetic tree in Figure 2 indicate about the evolutionary relationships of the leopard, striped skunk, and wolf? Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk) Panthera Lutra lutra Canis familiaris (domestic dog) Canis Species pardus (leopard) (European otter) lupus (wolf) Genus Panthera Mephitis Lutra Canis Family Felidae Mustelidae Canidae Order Carnivora Figure 2 The connection between classification and phylogeny

Know Thy Line! 1. ANIMAL PHYLOGENETIC TRREE. DIRECTIONS: Read the sentences carefully. Complete the sentence with the correct word from the box. Use the Animal Phylogenetic Tree (Figure 1) below as your reference. branch point polytomy phylogeny root rooted sister taxon taxon unrooted ANIMAL PHYLOGENETIC TREE (3) mammals (1). Created in BioRender.com bio Figure 1 Animal Phylogenetic Tree avians squamates lungfish ray-finned fish

1.Write the common name of another organism that is in the same kingdom as the domestic cat. 2.Which trait separates sharks from all the other organisms in the phylogenetic tree?

A ASSIGNMENT1 2021.pdf C:/Users/mulweli/Desktop/ASSIGNMENT1%202021.pdf +. E D Page view A Read aloud | V Draw Highlight VUESTIONZ DISTEVATICS Explain the aim of a branch of biology called systematics. (2) ANSWER: 2.1 2.2 FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS 2.2.1 is the process of categorizing phylogenetic information into a retrieval system consisting of many hierarchical levels or ranks. (2) ANSWER: 2.2.2 Identifying organisms and assigning names to them comprise the activity called (2) ANSWER: 2.2.3 The goal of is to identify evolutionary patterns that unite organisms. (2) ANSWER: ANSWER: 2.2.4 These three fields of inquiry (above questions) are means by which evaluates patterns of diversity. (2) ANSWER: QUESTION 3 TAXONOMY THE INGLE MOST APPROPRIATE LETTER. USE ONLY LETTERS.

STANDARDIZED PHYLOGENETICS BIODIVERSITY EVOLUTION EVIDENCES BIOLÓGISTS KINGDOM TAXONOMY TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION PHYLOGENETIC TREE is in charge of A branch of biology called (2). system. A (4) who are experts in taxonomy, helps scientists The variety of life in the world is known as (1) classifying species and giving names via (3). understand and organize the diversity of life in our planet. Basically, it means groups are classified within larger groups. The hierarchical (5) of hierarchy is called the taxonomic level wherein the (6) different because it tells the history of the (7) (8) on. Scientist must collect accurate information using (9) using a (10) which looks like a sequentially branching tree, starting with one common branch, and then splitting into more branches helps scientists understand and organize the diversity of life in our planet .Each level is the highest and specie the lowest. Phylogeny is of a species or group of organisms. A field of science called works on the…

Binomial Nomenclature and Classification 1. Why do biologists use a classification system to study the diversity of life?The science of classifying organisms and assigning them universally accepted names is known as . 2. Why do you think it might help to use scientific names instead of common names in biology?. 3. Circle or highlight the sentence below that is true about early efforts at naming organisms. a. Names were usually in English. b. Names often described detailed physical characteristics of a species.c. Names often contained many words. d. It was difficult to standardize the names. 4. The two---word naming system developed by Linnaeus is called . 5. Circle or highlight the sentence below that is true about binomial nomenclature. a. The system is no longer in use today. b. Each species is assigned a two---part scientific name. c. The scientific name is always written in Italics. d. The second part of the scientific name is capitalized. 6. What is the genus of the grizzly bear,…

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1. Contrast homology and analogy. Give an example of homoplasy. 2. Discuss adaptation and preadaptation. 3. Compare and contrast divergent, convergent, parallel, and organic evolution. 4. What is a vestigial structure? A rudimentary structure? 5. Describe heterochrony – specifically paedogenesis, neoteny, and paedomorphosis.

Fill in the blanks

8. Evolutionary biologists can estimate when major clades probably diverged from each other using molecular clocks. How do they know when these splits happened? 9. Describe how evolutionary reversal and horizontal gene transfer make it more difficult to create an accurate phylogenetic tree

Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary descent of taxa. It refers to the relationship between ancestors and descendants and relationships among descendant taxa. It shows the lineage of taxa which can be summarized in a branching diagram called a phylogenetic tree.1. Express some basic evolutionary relationships among groups of microorganisms, plants, and animals;  2. Illustrate the relationship of organisms with their environment; and  3. Analyze environmental factors contributing to biodiversity richness and loss

2. Examine the phylogeny below, which is the phylogeny for all extant species from a genus of birds, constructed using nuclear sequences (the numbers simply label the species). 2 3 Clade A 5 6 Clade B 1 7 (a) Give two explanations for why there are more species in clade A compared to B (i.e. I want general explanations for why some clades have more species than others 4.

Activity 17. Examine the table showing the classification of four organisms. Then answer the Тахon Green Frog Mountain Lion Domestic Dog Human Kingdom Phylum Class Animalia Chordata Animalia Chordata Animalia Animalia Chordata Chordata Amphibia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Anura Carnivora Carnivora Primates Family Genus Felidae Felis Ranidae Canidae Hominidae Rana Canis Ноmо Homo sapiens Felis concolor 1946 Species Rana clamitans Canis familiaris questions. 1. Which taxon includes the most specific characteristics? 2. Which taxon includes the broadest characteristics? 3. Which taxon includes more species, an order or a family? 4. Which taxon includes only organisms that can successfully interbreed?

10. Based on the following phylogenetic tree, which of the following conclusions are "NOT correct? Each letter represents a hypothetical species. C: =: A) A and E share a common ancestor B) B is one of A's ancestors C) E and D are more closely related to each other than to C D) C is more closely related to E than to B E) A and B are closely related

What notion is common to each of the species difinitions ? 1.Morphological species concept 2. Phylogenetic species concept 3. Biological species concepts

Please answer question 2 you have all the information you need

6. Organisms classified as “birds” share a common feature. What shared derived character defined this taxonomic group? 7. What feature is present in all animals but is not present in birds and reptiles? 8. Reptiles, birds, and mammals are amniotes. I’m addition to an amniotic egg, the common ancestor of all reptiles, birds, and mammals had a thick epidermal layer of scales partially composed of a protein called keratin. Keratinized skin helps prevent water loss in terrestrial environment. A. what type (or form) of Keratinized epidermal structure represents the ancestral character state of all reptiles, birds, and mammals?

Answer the ff.

For novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult concepts to understand and keep separate. This confusion is made worse because modern taxonomic methods make use of molecular tools. Write an essay that contrasts taxonomy to phylogenetics and explain how both disciplines are important to our understanding of species and evolution. Your essay should include a description of taxonomy and phylogenetics, as well as a detailed explanation about how information is represented in a phylogenetic tree or a cladogram.

1.If two species belong to the same phylum, then they also belong to the same: A.Domain B.Class C.Order D.Family 2.The bones in the front leg of a dog are similar to the the front wings of a bat because the two species have a common ancestor. Therefore, the they are called A.Homologous structures B.Analogous structures 3.What makes Lancelets different from all other members of this phylogenetic tree?

I am having a hard time understanding the parts of a phylogenetic tree? What I mean by that is I don't know how to idenitfy what branches, nodes, and clades are? I know the definitions but I jsut keep getting confused. I also need help with knowing how closely related certain species are?

4. Did the square nose of Species D and Species G come from the common ancestor?5. Is the square nose of Species D and Species G a homologous structure?6. Are the cat ears of Species D and Species F homologous structures?7. Are the smiles of Species E and Species G homologous structures?

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