NUTR333-23-Iron-6

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University of Guelph *

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3330

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Biology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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5

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1 Iron 1 Iron - Introduction relatively easy to study major iron body pools with samples of blood and bone marrow homeostasis regulated primarily by absorption no regulatory mechanism for excretion strong interest in iron deficiency – most common worldwide nutritional deficiency – >30% worldwide have iron deficiency 2 Iron Key Notes Iron has two main ionic states – oxidized: FERRIC iron: Fe +++ (lost 3 e-) – reduced: FERROUS iron: Fe ++ (lost 2 e-) Iron serves as a cofactor for oxidation- reduction reactions 3 Iron Absorption affected by three factors that all inter-relate: (1) amount of iron from diet – iron food sources or supplements (2) form of dietary iron – heme vs nonheme iron (3) iron absorption – absorption enhancers and inhibitors – iron status 4 Heme vs Non-Heme Iron HEME iron animal foods only 10% daily intake 25% absorbed (consistent) Rate of absorption is consistent NON-HEME iron both plant and animal foods 90% daily intake 2-20% absorbed (variable) rate of absorption not consistent as it depends on enhancers and inhibitors 5 Iron Requirements 6
2 What are some food sources of HEME iron? 7 8 What are some food sources of HEME iron? Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. What are some food sources of NON-HEME iron? 9 10 What are some food sources of NON-HEME iron? Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. Iron (non-heme) Absorption: Enhancers vitamin C is the dominant enhancer MFP factor meat, fish and poultry factor provides highly absorbable heme iron AND promotes absorption of nonheme iron from other foods eaten at the same meal factor is associated with the digestion process gastric acid other organic acids such as lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid 11 How do the acids enhance iron absorption ? ferrous iron (Fe ++ ) is better absorbed acids can donate a hydrogen to ferric iron (Fe +++ ), reducing it to ferrous iron (Fe ++ ) thus, the acids REDUCE the ferric iron and convert it to ferrous iron – reduction = gain of hydrogens/electrons – Fe +++ (ferric) reduced to Fe ++ (ferrous) 12
3 PepsiCo Project 13 14 Iron (non-heme) Absorption: Inhibitors bind with dietary nonheme iron – Phytate Where is phytate found? – Polyphenols (fruits, vegetables, coffee, tea, wine) • inhibitory effects reduced by vitamin C – Calcium – Oxalate (spinach, chard, beans, nuts) 15 Phytate Prebiotics are substances that promote growth of healthy bacteria (probiotics) Essentially a type of dietary fibre – Psyllium inulin, human milk oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides Prebiotics are examined for potential to enhance iron absorption 16 Iron and Zinc: classic nutrient-nutrient interaction Zinc and iron compete for absorptive pathways due to chemical similarity Zinc supplements can inhibit iron absorption 17 Iron Biological Function: Iron Proteins Relates to its involvement in proteins certain proteins depend on iron for their synthesis and function Metabolic function is classified by the type of iron structure contain (1) heme proteins (e.g. hemoglobin) – and….non-heme proteins: • ( 2) iron-sulfur cluster proteins (3) proteins with single iron atoms (4) proteins with oxygen-bridged iron 18
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